
A STUDY IN SCARLET.
By A. CONAN DOYLE


A STUDY IN SCARLET.

PART I.

(_Being a reprint from the reminiscences of_ JOHN H. WATSON, M.D., 
_late of the Army Medical Department._) {2}



CHAPTER I.

MR. SHERLOCK HOLMES.


IN the year 1878 I took my degree of Doctor of Medicine 
of the University of London, and proceeded to Netley to go 
through the course prescribed for surgeons in the army.  
Having completed my studies there, I was duly attached 
to the Fifth Northumberland Fusiliers as Assistant Surgeon.  
The regiment was stationed in India at the time, and before 
I could join it, the second Afghan war had broken out.  
On landing at Bombay, I learned that my corps had advanced 
through the passes, and was already deep in the enemy's 
country.  I followed, however, with many other officers 
who were in the same situation as myself, and succeeded 
in reaching Candahar in safety, where I found my regiment, 
and at once entered upon my new duties.

The campaign brought honours and promotion to many, but for 
me it had nothing but misfortune and disaster.  I was removed 
from my brigade and attached to the Berkshires, with whom I 
served at the fatal battle of Maiwand.  There I was struck on 
the shoulder by a Jezail bullet, which shattered the bone and 
grazed the subclavian artery.  I should have fallen into the 
hands of the murderous Ghazis had it not been for the 
devotion and courage shown by Murray, my orderly, who threw 
me across a pack-horse, and succeeded in bringing me safely 
to the British lines.

Worn with pain, and weak from the prolonged hardships which 
I had undergone, I was removed, with a great train of wounded 
sufferers, to the base hospital at Peshawar.  Here I rallied, 
and had already improved so far as to be able to walk about 
the wards, and even to bask a little upon the verandah, 
when I was struck down by enteric fever, that curse of our 
Indian possessions.  For months my life was despaired of, 
and when at last I came to myself and became convalescent, 
I was so weak and emaciated that a medical board determined 
that not a day should be lost in sending me back to England.  
I was dispatched, accordingly, in the troopship "Orontes," 
and landed a month later on Portsmouth jetty, with my health 
irretrievably ruined, but with permission from a paternal 
government to spend the next nine months in attempting to 
improve it.

I had neither kith nor kin in England, and was therefore as 
free as air -- or as free as an income of eleven shillings 
and sixpence a day will permit a man to be.  Under such 
circumstances, I naturally gravitated to London, that great 
cesspool into which all the loungers and idlers of the Empire 
are irresistibly drained.  There I stayed for some time at a 
private hotel in the Strand, leading a comfortless, 
meaningless existence, and spending such money as I had, 
considerably more freely than I ought.  So alarming did the 
state of my finances become, that I soon realized that I must 
either leave the metropolis and rusticate somewhere in the 
country, or that I must make a complete alteration in my 
style of living.  Choosing the latter alternative, I began 
by making up my mind to leave the hotel, and to take up my 
quarters in some less pretentious and less expensive domicile.

On the very day that I had come to this conclusion, 
I was standing at the Criterion Bar, when some one tapped me 
on the shoulder, and turning round I recognized young Stamford, 
who had been a dresser under me at Barts.  The sight of a 
friendly face in the great wilderness of London is a pleasant 
thing indeed to a lonely man.  In old days Stamford had never 
been a particular crony of mine, but now I hailed him with 
enthusiasm, and he, in his turn, appeared to be delighted to 
see me.  In the exuberance of my joy, I asked him to lunch with 
me at the Holborn, and we started off together in a hansom.

"Whatever have you been doing with yourself, Watson?" 
he asked in undisguised wonder, as we rattled through 
the crowded London streets.  "You are as thin as a lath 
and as brown as a nut."

I gave him a short sketch of my adventures, and had hardly 
concluded it by the time that we reached our destination.

"Poor devil!" he said, commiseratingly, after he had listened 
to my misfortunes.  "What are you up to now?"

"Looking for lodgings." {3}  I answered.  "Trying to solve the 
problem as to whether it is possible to get comfortable rooms 
at a reasonable price."

"That's a strange thing," remarked my companion; "you are 
the second man to-day that has used that expression to me."

"And who was the first?" I asked.

"A fellow who is working at the chemical laboratory up at the 
hospital.  He was bemoaning himself this morning because he 
could not get someone to go halves with him in some nice rooms 
which he had found, and which were too much for his purse."

"By Jove!" I cried, "if he really wants someone to share the 
rooms and the expense, I am the very man for him.  I should 
prefer having a partner to being alone."

Young Stamford looked rather strangely at me over his wine-glass.  
"You don't know Sherlock Holmes yet," he said; "perhaps you would 
not care for him as a constant companion."

"Why, what is there against him?"

"Oh, I didn't say there was anything against him.  He is a 
little queer in his ideas -- an enthusiast in some branches 
of science.  As far as I know he is a decent fellow enough."

"A medical student, I suppose?" said I.

"No -- I have no idea what he intends to go in for.  
I believe he is well up in anatomy, and he is a first-class 
chemist; but, as far as I know, he has never taken out any 
systematic medical classes.  His studies are very desultory 
and eccentric, but he has amassed a lot of out-of-the way 
knowledge which would astonish his professors."

"Did you never ask him what he was going in for?" I asked.

"No; he is not a man that it is easy to draw out, though he 
can be communicative enough when the fancy seizes him."

"I should like to meet him," I said.  "If I am to lodge with 
anyone, I should prefer a man of studious and quiet habits.  
I am not strong enough yet to stand much noise or excitement.  
I had enough of both in Afghanistan to last me for the 
remainder of my natural existence.  How could I meet this 
friend of yours?"

"He is sure to be at the laboratory," returned my companion.  
"He either avoids the place for weeks, or else he works there 
from morning to night.  If you like, we shall drive round 
together after luncheon."

"Certainly," I answered, and the conversation drifted away 
into other channels.

As we made our way to the hospital after leaving the Holborn, 
Stamford gave me a few more particulars about the gentleman 
whom I proposed to take as a fellow-lodger.

"You mustn't blame me if you don't get on with him," he said; 
"I know nothing more of him than I have learned from meeting 
him occasionally in the laboratory.  You proposed this 
arrangement, so you must not hold me responsible."

"If we don't get on it will be easy to part company," I answered.  
"It seems to me, Stamford," I added, looking hard at my companion, 
"that you have some reason for washing your hands of the matter.  
Is this fellow's temper so formidable, or what is it?  
Don't be mealy-mouthed about it."

"It is not easy to express the inexpressible," he answered 
with a laugh.  "Holmes is a little too scientific for my 
tastes -- it approaches to cold-bloodedness.  I could imagine 
his giving a friend a little pinch of the latest vegetable 
alkaloid, not out of malevolence, you understand, but simply 
out of a spirit of inquiry in order to have an accurate idea 
of the effects.  To do him justice, I think that he would 
take it himself with the same readiness.  He appears to have 
a passion for definite and exact knowledge."

"Very right too."

"Yes, but it may be pushed to excess.  When it comes to 
beating the subjects in the dissecting-rooms with a stick, 
it is certainly taking rather a bizarre shape."

"Beating the subjects!"

"Yes, to verify how far bruises may be produced after death.  
I saw him at it with my own eyes."

"And yet you say he is not a medical student?"

"No.  Heaven knows what the objects of his studies are.  
But here we are, and you must form your own impressions about 
him."  As he spoke, we turned down a narrow lane and passed 
through a small side-door, which opened into a wing of the 
great hospital.  It was familiar ground to me, and I needed 
no guiding as we ascended the bleak stone staircase and made 
our way down the long corridor with its vista of whitewashed 
wall and dun-coloured doors.  Near the further end a low 
arched passage branched away from it and led to the chemical 
laboratory.

This was a lofty chamber, lined and littered with countless 
bottles.  Broad, low tables were scattered about, which 
bristled with retorts, test-tubes, and little Bunsen lamps, 
with their blue flickering flames.  There was only one 
student in the room, who was bending over a distant table 
absorbed in his work.  At the sound of our steps he glanced 
round and sprang to his feet with a cry of pleasure.  
"I've found it!  I've found it," he shouted to my companion, 
running towards us with a test-tube in his hand.  "I have 
found a re-agent which is precipitated by hoemoglobin, {4} 
and by nothing else."  Had he discovered a gold mine, greater 
delight could not have shone upon his features.

"Dr. Watson, Mr. Sherlock Holmes," said Stamford, introducing us.

"How are you?" he said cordially, gripping my hand with a 
strength for which I should hardly have given him credit.  
"You have been in Afghanistan, I perceive."

"How on earth did you know that?" I asked in astonishment.

"Never mind," said he, chuckling to himself.  "The question 
now is about hoemoglobin.  No doubt you see the significance 
of this discovery of mine?"

"It is interesting, chemically, no doubt," I answered, 
"but practically ----"

"Why, man, it is the most practical medico-legal discovery 
for years.  Don't you see that it gives us an infallible test 
for blood stains.  Come over here now!"  He seized me by the 
coat-sleeve in his eagerness, and drew me over to the table 
at which he had been working.  "Let us have some fresh blood," 
he said, digging a long bodkin into his finger, and drawing off 
the resulting drop of blood in a chemical pipette.  "Now, I add 
this small quantity of blood to a litre of water.  You perceive 
that the resulting mixture has the appearance of pure water.  
The proportion of blood cannot be more than one in a million.  
I have no doubt, however, that we shall be able to obtain the 
characteristic reaction."  As he spoke, he threw into the vessel 
a few white crystals, and then added some drops of a transparent 
fluid.  In an instant the contents assumed a dull mahogany colour, 
and a brownish dust was precipitated to the bottom of the glass jar.

"Ha! ha!" he cried, clapping his hands, and looking as delighted 
as a child with a new toy.  "What do you think of that?"

"It seems to be a very delicate test," I remarked.

"Beautiful! beautiful!  The old Guiacum test was very clumsy 
and uncertain.  So is the microscopic examination for blood 
corpuscles.  The latter is valueless if the stains are a few 
hours old.  Now, this appears to act as well whether the 
blood is old or new.  Had this test been invented, there are 
hundreds of men now walking the earth who would long ago have 
paid the penalty of their crimes."

"Indeed!" I murmured.

"Criminal cases are continually hinging upon that one point.  
A man is suspected of a crime months perhaps after it has 
been committed.  His linen or clothes are examined, and 
brownish stains discovered upon them.  Are they blood stains, 
or mud stains, or rust stains, or fruit stains, or what are 
they?  That is a question which has puzzled many an expert, 
and why?  Because there was no reliable test.  Now we have 
the Sherlock Holmes' test, and there will no longer be any 
difficulty."

His eyes fairly glittered as he spoke, and he put his hand 
over his heart and bowed as if to some applauding crowd 
conjured up by his imagination.

"You are to be congratulated," I remarked, considerably 
surprised at his enthusiasm.

"There was the case of Von Bischoff at Frankfort last year.  
He would certainly have been hung had this test been in 
existence.  Then there was Mason of Bradford, and the 
notorious Muller, and Lefevre of Montpellier, and Samson of 
new Orleans.  I could name a score of cases in which it would 
have been decisive."

"You seem to be a walking calendar of crime," said Stamford 
with a laugh.  "You might start a paper on those lines.  
Call it the `Police News of the Past.'"

"Very interesting reading it might be made, too," remarked 
Sherlock Holmes, sticking a small piece of plaster over the 
prick on his finger.  "I have to be careful," he continued, 
turning to me with a smile, "for I dabble with poisons a good 
deal."  He held out his hand as he spoke, and I noticed that 
it was all mottled over with similar pieces of plaster, and 
discoloured with strong acids.

"We came here on business," said Stamford, sitting down on a 
high three-legged stool, and pushing another one in my direction 
with his foot.  "My friend here wants to take diggings, and as 
you were complaining that you could get no one to go halves with 
you, I thought that I had better bring you together."

Sherlock Holmes seemed delighted at the idea of sharing his 
rooms with me.  "I have my eye on a suite in Baker Street," 
he said, "which would suit us down to the ground.  You don't 
mind the smell of strong tobacco, I hope?"

"I always smoke `ship's' myself," I answered.

"That's good enough.  I generally have chemicals about, and 
occasionally do experiments.  Would that annoy you?"

"By no means."

"Let me see -- what are my other shortcomings.  I get in the 
dumps at times, and don't open my mouth for days on end.  
You must not think I am sulky when I do that.  Just let me alone, 
and I'll soon be right.  What have you to confess now?  It's 
just as well for two fellows to know the worst of one another 
before they begin to live together."

I laughed at this cross-examination.  "I keep a bull pup," 
I said, "and I object to rows because my nerves are shaken, 
and I get up at all sorts of ungodly hours, and I am extremely 
lazy.  I have another set of vices when I'm well, but those 
are the principal ones at present."

"Do you include violin-playing in your category of rows?" 
he asked, anxiously.

"It depends on the player," I answered.  "A well-played violin 
is a treat for the gods -- a badly-played one ----"

"Oh, that's all right," he cried, with a merry laugh.  
"I think we may consider the thing as settled -- that is, 
if the rooms are agreeable to you."

"When shall we see them?"

"Call for me here at noon to-morrow, and we'll go together 
and settle everything," he answered.

"All right -- noon exactly," said I, shaking his hand.

We left him working among his chemicals, and we walked 
together towards my hotel.

"By the way," I asked suddenly, stopping and turning upon 
Stamford, "how the deuce did he know that I had come from 
Afghanistan?"

My companion smiled an enigmatical smile.  "That's just his 
little peculiarity," he said.  "A good many people have 
wanted to know how he finds things out."

"Oh! a mystery is it?" I cried, rubbing my hands.  
"This is very piquant.  I am much obliged to you for bringing 
us together.  `The proper study of mankind is man,' you know."

"You must study him, then," Stamford said, as he bade me good-bye.  
"You'll find him a knotty problem, though.  I'll wager he learns 
more about you than you about him.  Good-bye."

"Good-bye," I answered, and strolled on to my hotel, 
considerably interested in my new acquaintance.



CHAPTER II.

THE SCIENCE OF DEDUCTION.


WE met next day as he had arranged, and inspected the rooms 
at No. 221B, {5} Baker Street, of which he had spoken at our 
meeting.  They consisted of a couple of comfortable bed-rooms 
and a single large airy sitting-room, cheerfully furnished, 
and illuminated by two broad windows.  So desirable in every 
way were the apartments, and so moderate did the terms seem 
when divided between us, that the bargain was concluded upon 
the spot, and we at once entered into possession.  That very 
evening I moved my things round from the hotel, and on the 
following morning Sherlock Holmes followed me with several 
boxes and portmanteaus.  For a day or two we were busily 
employed in unpacking and laying out our property to the best 
advantage.  That done, we gradually began to settle down and 
to accommodate ourselves to our new surroundings.

Holmes was certainly not a difficult man to live with.  
He was quiet in his ways, and his habits were regular.  
It was rare for him to be up after ten at night, and he had 
invariably breakfasted and gone out before I rose in the 
morning.  Sometimes he spent his day at the chemical 
laboratory, sometimes in the dissecting-rooms, and 
occasionally in long walks, which appeared to take him into 
the lowest portions of the City.  Nothing could exceed his 
energy when the working fit was upon him; but now and again 
a reaction would seize him, and for days on end he would lie 
upon the sofa in the sitting-room, hardly uttering a word or 
moving a muscle from morning to night.  On these occasions 
I have noticed such a dreamy, vacant expression in his eyes, 
that I might have suspected him of being addicted to the use 
of some narcotic, had not the temperance and cleanliness of 
his whole life forbidden such a notion.

As the weeks went by, my interest in him and my curiosity 
as to his aims in life, gradually deepened and increased.  
His very person and appearance were such as to strike the 
attention of the most casual observer.  In height he was 
rather over six feet, and so excessively lean that he seemed 
to be considerably taller.  His eyes were sharp and piercing, 
save during those intervals of torpor to which I have alluded; 
and his thin, hawk-like nose gave his whole expression an air 
of alertness and decision.  His chin, too, had the prominence 
and squareness which mark the man of determination.  His hands 
were invariably blotted with ink and stained with chemicals, 
yet he was possessed of extraordinary delicacy of touch, 
as I frequently had occasion to observe when I watched him 
manipulating his fragile philosophical instruments.

The reader may set me down as a hopeless busybody, 
when I confess how much this man stimulated my curiosity, 
and how often I endeavoured to break through the reticence 
which he showed on all that concerned himself.  Before 
pronouncing judgment, however, be it remembered, how objectless 
was my life, and how little there was to engage my attention.  
My health forbade me from venturing out unless the weather 
was exceptionally genial, and I had no friends who would call 
upon me and break the monotony of my daily existence.  
Under these circumstances, I eagerly hailed the little mystery 
which hung around my companion, and spent much of my time in 
endeavouring to unravel it.

He was not studying medicine.  He had himself, in reply 
to a question, confirmed Stamford's opinion upon that point.  
Neither did he appear to have pursued any course of reading 
which might fit him for a degree in science or any other 
recognized portal which would give him an entrance into the 
learned world.  Yet his zeal for certain studies was 
remarkable, and within eccentric limits his knowledge was so 
extraordinarily ample and minute that his observations have 
fairly astounded me.  Surely no man would work so hard or 
attain such precise information unless he had some definite 
end in view.  Desultory readers are seldom remarkable for the 
exactness of their learning.  No man burdens his mind with 
small matters unless he has some very good reason for doing so.

His ignorance was as remarkable as his knowledge.  
Of contemporary literature, philosophy and politics he appeared 
to know next to nothing.  Upon my quoting Thomas Carlyle, 
he inquired in the naivest way who he might be and what he had 
done.  My surprise reached a climax, however, when I found 
incidentally that he was ignorant of the Copernican Theory 
and of the composition of the Solar System.  That any 
civilized human being in this nineteenth century should not 
be aware that the earth travelled round the sun appeared to 
be to me such an extraordinary fact that I could hardly 
realize it.

"You appear to be astonished," he said, smiling at my 
expression of surprise.  "Now that I do know it I shall do my 
best to forget it."

"To forget it!"

"You see," he explained, "I consider that a man's brain 
originally is like a little empty attic, and you have to 
stock it with such furniture as you choose.  A fool takes in 
all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that 
the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, 
or at best is jumbled up with a lot of other things so that 
he has a difficulty in laying his hands upon it.  Now the 
skilful workman is very careful indeed as to what he takes 
into his brain-attic.  He will have nothing but the tools 
which may help him in doing his work, but of these he has 
a large assortment, and all in the most perfect order.  
It is a mistake to think that that little room has elastic 
walls and can distend to any extent.  Depend upon it there comes 
a time when for every addition of knowledge you forget something 
that you knew before.  It is of the highest importance, therefore, 
not to have useless facts elbowing out the useful ones."

"But the Solar System!" I protested.

"What the deuce is it to me?" he interrupted impatiently; 
"you say that we go round the sun.  If we went round the moon it 
would not make a pennyworth of difference to me or to my work."

I was on the point of asking him what that work might be, 
but something in his manner showed me that the question would 
be an unwelcome one.  I pondered over our short conversation, 
however, and endeavoured to draw my deductions from it.  
He said that he would acquire no knowledge which did not bear 
upon his object.  Therefore all the knowledge which he 
possessed was such as would be useful to him.  I enumerated 
in my own mind all the various points upon which he had shown 
me that he was exceptionally well-informed.  I even took a 
pencil and jotted them down.  I could not help smiling at the 
document when I had completed it.  It ran in this way --


SHERLOCK HOLMES -- his limits.

1. Knowledge of Literature. -- Nil.
2.              Philosophy. -- Nil.
3.              Astronomy. -- Nil.
4.              Politics. -- Feeble.
5.              Botany. -- Variable.  Well up in belladonna,
                            opium, and poisons generally.
                            Knows nothing of practical gardening.
6.              Geology. -- Practical, but limited.  
                             Tells at a glance different soils 
                             from each other.  After walks has 
                             shown me splashes upon his trousers, 
                             and told me by their colour and 
                             consistence in what part of London 
                             he had received them.
7.              Chemistry. -- Profound.
8.              Anatomy. -- Accurate, but unsystematic.
9.              Sensational Literature. -- Immense.  He appears
                            to know every detail of every horror
                            perpetrated in the century.
10. Plays the violin well.
11. Is an expert singlestick player, boxer, and swordsman.
12. Has a good practical knowledge of British law.


When I had got so far in my list I threw it into the fire in 
despair.  "If I can only find what the fellow is driving at 
by reconciling all these accomplishments, and discovering a 
calling which needs them all," I said to myself, "I may as 
well give up the attempt at once."

I see that I have alluded above to his powers upon the violin.  
These were very remarkable, but as eccentric as all his other 
accomplishments.  That he could play pieces, and difficult pieces, 
I knew well, because at my request he has played me some of 
Mendelssohn's Lieder, and other favourites.  
When left to himself, however, he would seldom produce any 
music or attempt any recognized air.  Leaning back in his 
arm-chair of an evening, he would close his eyes and scrape 
carelessly at the fiddle which was thrown across his knee.  
Sometimes the chords were sonorous and melancholy.  
Occasionally they were fantastic and cheerful.  Clearly they 
reflected the thoughts which possessed him, but whether the 
music aided those thoughts, or whether the playing was simply 
the result of a whim or fancy was more than I could determine.  
I might have rebelled against these exasperating solos had it 
not been that he usually terminated them by playing in quick 
succession a whole series of my favourite airs as a slight 
compensation for the trial upon my patience.

During the first week or so we had no callers, and I had 
begun to think that my companion was as friendless a man as 
I was myself.  Presently, however, I found that he had many 
acquaintances, and those in the most different classes of 
society.  There was one little sallow rat-faced, dark-eyed 
fellow who was introduced to me as Mr. Lestrade, and who came 
three or four times in a single week.  One morning a young 
girl called, fashionably dressed, and stayed for half an hour 
or more.  The same afternoon brought a grey-headed, seedy 
visitor, looking like a Jew pedlar, who appeared to me to be 
much excited, and who was closely followed by a slip-shod 
elderly woman.  On another occasion an old white-haired 
gentleman had an interview with my companion; and on another 
a railway porter in his velveteen uniform.  When any of these 
nondescript individuals put in an appearance, Sherlock Holmes 
used to beg for the use of the sitting-room, and I would 
retire to my bed-room.  He always apologized to me for 
putting me to this inconvenience.  "I have to use this room 
as a place of business," he said, "and these people are my 
clients."  Again I had an opportunity of asking him a point 
blank question, and again my delicacy prevented me from 
forcing another man to confide in me.  I imagined at the time 
that he had some strong reason for not alluding to it, but he 
soon dispelled the idea by coming round to the subject of his 
own accord.

It was upon the 4th of March, as I have good reason to remember, 
that I rose somewhat earlier than usual, and found that Sherlock 
Holmes had not yet finished his breakfast.  The landlady had 
become so accustomed to my late habits that my place had not been 
laid nor my coffee prepared.  With the unreasonable petulance 
of mankind I rang the bell and gave a curt intimation that I was 
ready.  Then I picked up a magazine from the table and attempted 
to while away the time with it, while my companion munched 
silently at his toast.  One of the articles had a pencil mark 
at the heading, and I naturally began to run my eye through it.

Its somewhat ambitious title was "The Book of Life," and it 
attempted to show how much an observant man might learn by an 
accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his 
way.  It struck me as being a remarkable mixture of 
shrewdness and of absurdity.  The reasoning was close and 
intense, but the deductions appeared to me to be far-fetched 
and exaggerated.  The writer claimed by a momentary expression, 
a twitch of a muscle or a glance of an eye, to fathom a man's 
inmost thoughts.  Deceit, according to him, was an impossibility 
in the case of one trained to observation and analysis.  
His conclusions were as infallible as so many propositions 
of Euclid.  So startling would his results appear to the 
uninitiated that until they learned the processes by which he had 
arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer.

"From a drop of water," said the writer, "a logician could 
infer the possibility of an Atlantic or a Niagara without 
having seen or heard of one or the other.  So all life is 
a great chain, the nature of which is known whenever we are 
shown a single link of it.  Like all other arts, the Science 
of Deduction and Analysis is one which can only be acquired 
by long and patient study nor is life long enough to allow 
any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it.  
Before turning to those moral and mental aspects of the 
matter which present the greatest difficulties, let the 
enquirer begin by mastering more elementary problems.  
Let him, on meeting a fellow-mortal, learn at a glance to 
distinguish the history of the man, and the trade or 
profession to which he belongs.  Puerile as such an exercise 
may seem, it sharpens the faculties of observation, and 
teaches one where to look and what to look for.  By a man's 
finger nails, by his coat-sleeve, by his boot, by his trouser 
knees, by the callosities of his forefinger and thumb, by his 
expression, by his shirt cuffs -- by each of these things a 
man's calling is plainly revealed.  That all united should 
fail to enlighten the competent enquirer in any case is 
almost inconceivable."

"What ineffable twaddle!" I cried, slapping the magazine down 
on the table, "I never read such rubbish in my life."

"What is it?" asked Sherlock Holmes.

"Why, this article," I said, pointing at it with my egg spoon 
as I sat down to my breakfast.  "I see that you have read it 
since you have marked it.  I don't deny that it is smartly 
written.  It irritates me though.  It is evidently the theory 
of some arm-chair lounger who evolves all these neat little 
paradoxes in the seclusion of his own study.  It is not 
practical.  I should like to see him clapped down in a third 
class carriage on the Underground, and asked to give the 
trades of all his fellow-travellers.  I would lay a thousand 
to one against him."

"You would lose your money," Sherlock Holmes remarked calmly.  
"As for the article I wrote it myself."

"You!"

"Yes, I have a turn both for observation and for deduction.  
The theories which I have expressed there, and which appear 
to you to be so chimerical are really extremely practical -- 
so practical that I depend upon them for my bread and cheese."

"And how?" I asked involuntarily.

"Well, I have a trade of my own.  I suppose I am the only one 
in the world.  I'm a consulting detective, if you can 
understand what that is.  Here in London we have lots of 
Government detectives and lots of private ones.  When these 
fellows are at fault they come to me, and I manage to put 
them on the right scent.  They lay all the evidence before 
me, and I am generally able, by the help of my knowledge of 
the history of crime, to set them straight.  There is a 
strong family resemblance about misdeeds, and if you have all 
the details of a thousand at your finger ends, it is odd if 
you can't unravel the thousand and first.  Lestrade is a 
well-known detective.  He got himself into a fog recently 
over a forgery case, and that was what brought him here."

"And these other people?"

"They are mostly sent on by private inquiry agencies.  
They are all people who are in trouble about something, 
and want a little enlightening.  I listen to their story, 
they listen to my comments, and then I pocket my fee."

"But do you mean to say," I said, "that without leaving your 
room you can unravel some knot which other men can make nothing 
of, although they have seen every detail for themselves?"

"Quite so.  I have a kind of intuition that way.  
Now and again a case turns up which is a little more complex.  
Then I have to bustle about and see things with my own eyes.  
You see I have a lot of special knowledge which I apply to 
the problem, and which facilitates matters wonderfully.  
Those rules of deduction laid down in that article which 
aroused your scorn, are invaluable to me in practical work.  
Observation with me is second nature.  You appeared to be 
surprised when I told you, on our first meeting, that you had 
come from Afghanistan."

"You were told, no doubt."

"Nothing of the sort.  I _knew_ you came from Afghanistan.  
From long habit the train of thoughts ran so swiftly through 
my mind, that I arrived at the conclusion without being 
conscious of intermediate steps.  There were such steps, 
however.  The train of reasoning ran, `Here is a gentleman of 
a medical type, but with the air of a military man.  Clearly 
an army doctor, then.  He has just come from the tropics, 
for his face is dark, and that is not the natural tint of his 
skin, for his wrists are fair.  He has undergone hardship and 
sickness, as his haggard face says clearly.  His left arm has 
been injured.  He holds it in a stiff and unnatural manner.  
Where in the tropics could an English army doctor have seen 
much hardship and got his arm wounded?  Clearly in Afghanistan.'  
The whole train of thought did not occupy a second.  I then 
remarked that you came from Afghanistan, and you were astonished."

"It is simple enough as you explain it," I said, smiling.  
"You remind me of Edgar Allen Poe's Dupin.  I had no idea 
that such individuals did exist outside of stories."

Sherlock Holmes rose and lit his pipe.  "No doubt you think 
that you are complimenting me in comparing me to Dupin," 
he observed.  "Now, in my opinion, Dupin was a very inferior 
fellow.  That trick of his of breaking in on his friends' 
thoughts with an apropos remark after a quarter of an hour's 
silence is really very showy and superficial.  He had some 
analytical genius, no doubt; but he was by no means such 
a phenomenon as Poe appeared to imagine."

"Have you read Gaboriau's works?" I asked.  
"Does Lecoq come up to your idea of a detective?"

Sherlock Holmes sniffed sardonically.  "Lecoq was a miserable 
bungler," he said, in an angry voice; "he had only one thing 
to recommend him, and that was his energy.  That book made me 
positively ill.  The question was how to identify an unknown 
prisoner.  I could have done it in twenty-four hours.  Lecoq 
took six months or so.  It might be made a text-book for 
detectives to teach them what to avoid."

I felt rather indignant at having two characters whom I had 
admired treated in this cavalier style.  I walked over to the 
window, and stood looking out into the busy street.  
"This fellow may be very clever," I said to myself, "but he 
is certainly very conceited."

"There are no crimes and no criminals in these days," he said, 
querulously.  "What is the use of having brains in our 
profession.  I know well that I have it in me to make my name 
famous.  No man lives or has ever lived who has brought the 
same amount of study and of natural talent to the detection 
of crime which I have done.  And what is the result?  There 
is no crime to detect, or, at most, some bungling villany 
with a motive so transparent that even a Scotland Yard 
official can see through it."

I was still annoyed at his bumptious style of conversation.  
I thought it best to change the topic.

"I wonder what that fellow is looking for?" I asked, pointing 
to a stalwart, plainly-dressed individual who was walking 
slowly down the other side of the street, looking anxiously 
at the numbers.  He had a large blue envelope in his hand, 
and was evidently the bearer of a message.

"You mean the retired sergeant of Marines," said Sherlock Holmes.

"Brag and bounce!" thought I to myself.  "He knows that I 
cannot verify his guess."

The thought had hardly passed through my mind when the man 
whom we were watching caught sight of the number on our door, 
and ran rapidly across the roadway.  We heard a loud knock, 
a deep voice below, and heavy steps ascending the stair.

"For Mr. Sherlock Holmes," he said, stepping into the room 
and handing my friend the letter.

Here was an opportunity of taking the conceit out of him.  
He little thought of this when he made that random shot.  
"May I ask, my lad," I said, in the blandest voice, 
"what your trade may be?"

"Commissionaire, sir," he said, gruffly.  
"Uniform away for repairs."

"And you were?" I asked, with a slightly malicious glance 
at my companion.

"A sergeant, sir, Royal Marine Light Infantry, sir.  
No answer?  Right, sir."

He clicked his heels together, raised his hand in a salute, 
and was gone.



CHAPTER III.

THE LAURISTON GARDEN MYSTERY {6}


I CONFESS that I was considerably startled by this fresh 
proof of the practical nature of my companion's theories.  
My respect for his powers of analysis increased wondrously.  
There still remained some lurking suspicion in my mind, 
however, that the whole thing was a pre-arranged episode, 
intended to dazzle me, though what earthly object he could 
have in taking me in was past my comprehension.  
When I looked at him he had finished reading the note, 
and his eyes had assumed the vacant, lack-lustre expression 
which showed mental abstraction.

"How in the world did you deduce that?" I asked.

"Deduce what?" said he, petulantly.

"Why, that he was a retired sergeant of Marines."

"I have no time for trifles," he answered, brusquely; 
then with a smile, "Excuse my rudeness.  You broke the thread 
of my thoughts; but perhaps it is as well.  So you actually were 
not able to see that that man was a sergeant of Marines?"

"No, indeed."

"It was easier to know it than to explain why I knew it.  
If you were asked to prove that two and two made four, you might 
find some difficulty, and yet you are quite sure of the fact.  
Even across the street I could see a great blue anchor 
tattooed on the back of the fellow's hand.  That smacked of 
the sea.  He had a military carriage, however, and regulation 
side whiskers. There we have the marine.  He was a man with 
some amount of self-importance and a certain air of command.  
You must have observed the way in which he held his head and 
swung his cane.  A steady, respectable, middle-aged man, too, 
on the face of him -- all facts which led me to believe that 
he had been a sergeant."

"Wonderful!" I ejaculated.

"Commonplace," said Holmes, though I thought from his 
expression that he was pleased at my evident surprise and 
admiration.  "I said just now that there were no criminals.  
It appears that I am wrong -- look at this!"  He threw me 
over the note which the commissionaire had brought." {7}

"Why," I cried, as I cast my eye over it, "this is terrible!"

"It does seem to be a little out of the common," he remarked, 
calmly.  "Would you mind reading it to me aloud?"

This is the letter which I read to him ----


"MY DEAR MR. SHERLOCK HOLMES, -- "There has been a bad 
business during the night at 3, Lauriston Gardens, off the 
Brixton Road.  Our man on the beat saw a light there about 
two in the morning, and as the house was an empty one, 
suspected that something was amiss.  He found the door open, 
and in the front room, which is bare of furniture, discovered 
the body of a gentleman, well dressed, and having cards in 
his pocket bearing the name of `Enoch J. Drebber, Cleveland, 
Ohio, U.S.A.'  There had been no robbery, nor is there any 
evidence as to how the man met his death.  There are marks 
of blood in the room, but there is no wound upon his person.  
We are at a loss as to how he came into the empty house; 
indeed, the whole affair is a puzzler.  If you can come round 
to the house any time before twelve, you will find me there.  
I have left everything _in statu quo_ until I hear from you.  
If you are unable to come I shall give you fuller details, 
and would esteem it a great kindness if you would favour me 
with your opinion.  Yours faithfully,    "TOBIAS GREGSON."


"Gregson is the smartest of the Scotland Yarders," 
my friend remarked; "he and Lestrade are the pick of a bad lot.  
They are both quick and energetic, but conventional -- shockingly 
so.  They have their knives into one another, too.  They are 
as jealous as a pair of professional beauties.  There will be 
some fun over this case if they are both put upon the scent."

I was amazed at the calm way in which he rippled on.  
"Surely there is not a moment to be lost," I cried, 
"shall I go and order you a cab?"

"I'm not sure about whether I shall go.  I am the most 
incurably lazy devil that ever stood in shoe leather -- that is, 
when the fit is on me, for I can be spry enough at times."

"Why, it is just such a chance as you have been longing for."

"My dear fellow, what does it matter to me.  
Supposing I unravel the whole matter, you may be sure that 
Gregson, Lestrade, and Co. will pocket all the credit.  
That comes of being an unofficial personage."

"But he begs you to help him."

"Yes.  He knows that I am his superior, and acknowledges it 
to me; but he would cut his tongue out before he would own it 
to any third person.  However, we may as well go and have a 
look.  I shall work it out on my own hook.  I may have a 
laugh at them if I have nothing else.  Come on!"

He hustled on his overcoat, and bustled about in a way that 
showed that an energetic fit had superseded the apathetic one.

"Get your hat," he said.

"You wish me to come?"

"Yes, if you have nothing better to do."  A minute later we 
were both in a hansom, driving furiously for the Brixton Road.

It was a foggy, cloudy morning, and a dun-coloured veil hung 
over the house-tops, looking like the reflection of the 
mud-coloured streets beneath.  My companion was in the best 
of spirits, and prattled away about Cremona fiddles, and the 
difference between a Stradivarius and an Amati.  As for 
myself, I was silent, for the dull weather and the melancholy 
business upon which we were engaged, depressed my spirits.

"You don't seem to give much thought to the matter in hand," 
I said at last, interrupting Holmes' musical disquisition.

"No data yet," he answered.  "It is a capital mistake to theorize 
before you have all the evidence.  It biases the judgment."

"You will have your data soon," I remarked, pointing with 
my finger; "this is the Brixton Road, and that is the house, 
if I am not very much mistaken."

"So it is.  Stop, driver, stop!"  We were still a hundred yards 
or so from it, but he insisted upon our alighting, and we 
finished our journey upon foot.

Number 3, Lauriston Gardens wore an ill-omened and minatory look.  
It was one of four which stood back some little way from the 
street, two being occupied and two empty.  The latter looked 
out with three tiers of vacant melancholy windows, which were 
blank and dreary, save that here and there a "To Let" card had 
developed like a cataract upon the bleared panes.  A small garden 
sprinkled over with a scattered eruption of sickly plants 
separated each of these houses from the street, and was traversed 
by a narrow pathway, yellowish in colour, and consisting 
apparently of a mixture of clay and of gravel.  The whole place 
was very sloppy from the rain which had fallen through the night.  
The garden was bounded by a three-foot brick wall with a fringe 
of wood rails upon the top, and against this wall was leaning a 
stalwart police constable, surrounded by a small knot of loafers, 
who craned their necks and strained their eyes in the vain hope 
of catching some glimpse of the proceedings within.

I had imagined that Sherlock Holmes would at once have 
hurried into the house and plunged into a study of the 
mystery.  Nothing appeared to be further from his intention.  
With an air of nonchalance which, under the circumstances, 
seemed to me to border upon affectation, he lounged up and 
down the pavement, and gazed vacantly at the ground, the sky, 
the opposite houses and the line of railings.  Having 
finished his scrutiny, he proceeded slowly down the path, 
or rather down the fringe of grass which flanked the path, 
keeping his eyes riveted upon the ground.  Twice he stopped, 
and once I saw him smile, and heard him utter an exclamation 
of satisfaction.  There were many marks of footsteps upon the 
wet clayey soil, but since the police had been coming and 
going over it, I was unable to see how my companion could 
hope to learn anything from it.  Still I had had such 
extraordinary evidence of the quickness of his perceptive 
faculties, that I had no doubt that he could see a great deal 
which was hidden from me.

At the door of the house we were met by a tall, white-faced, 
flaxen-haired man, with a notebook in his hand, who rushed 
forward and wrung my companion's hand with effusion.  
"It is indeed kind of you to come," he said, "I have had 
everything left untouched."

"Except that!" my friend answered, pointing at the pathway.  
"If a herd of buffaloes had passed along there could not be 
a greater mess.  No doubt, however, you had drawn your own 
conclusions, Gregson, before you permitted this."

"I have had so much to do inside the house," the detective 
said evasively.  "My colleague, Mr. Lestrade, is here.  
I had relied upon him to look after this."

Holmes glanced at me and raised his eyebrows sardonically.  
"With two such men as yourself and Lestrade upon the ground, 
there will not be much for a third party to find out," he said.

Gregson rubbed his hands in a self-satisfied way.  
"I think we have done all that can be done," he answered; 
"it's a queer case though, and I knew your taste for such things."

"You did not come here in a cab?" asked Sherlock Holmes.

"No, sir."

"Nor Lestrade?"

"No, sir."

"Then let us go and look at the room."  With which 
inconsequent remark he strode on into the house, followed by 
Gregson, whose features expressed his astonishment.

A short passage, bare planked and dusty, led to the kitchen 
and offices.  Two doors opened out of it to the left and to 
the right.  One of these had obviously been closed for many 
weeks.  The other belonged to the dining-room, which was the 
apartment in which the mysterious affair had occurred.  
Holmes walked in, and I followed him with that subdued 
feeling at my heart which the presence of death inspires.

It was a large square room, looking all the larger from the 
absence of all furniture.  A vulgar flaring paper adorned the 
walls, but it was blotched in places with mildew, and here 
and there great strips had become detached and hung down, 
exposing the yellow plaster beneath.  Opposite the door was 
a showy fireplace, surmounted by a mantelpiece of imitation 
white marble.  On one corner of this was stuck the stump of 
a red wax candle.  The solitary window was so dirty that the 
light was hazy and uncertain, giving a dull grey tinge to 
everything, which was intensified by the thick layer of dust 
which coated the whole apartment.

All these details I observed afterwards.  At present my 
attention was centred upon the single grim motionless figure 
which lay stretched upon the boards, with vacant sightless 
eyes staring up at the discoloured ceiling.  It was that of a 
man about forty-three or forty-four years of age, middle-sized, 
broad shouldered, with crisp curling black hair, and a 
short stubbly beard.  He was dressed in a heavy broadcloth 
frock coat and waistcoat, with light-coloured trousers, and 
immaculate collar and cuffs.  A top hat, well brushed and 
trim, was placed upon the floor beside him.  His hands were 
clenched and his arms thrown abroad, while his lower limbs 
were interlocked as though his death struggle had been a 
grievous one.  On his rigid face there stood an expression 
of horror, and as it seemed to me, of hatred, such as I have 
never seen upon human features.  This malignant and terrible 
contortion, combined with the low forehead, blunt nose, and 
prognathous jaw gave the dead man a singularly simious and 
ape-like appearance, which was increased by his writhing, 
unnatural posture.  I have seen death in many forms, but 
never has it appeared to me in a more fearsome aspect than 
in that dark grimy apartment, which looked out upon one of 
the main arteries of suburban London.

Lestrade, lean and ferret-like as ever, was standing by the 
doorway, and greeted my companion and myself.

"This case will make a stir, sir," he remarked.  
"It beats anything I have seen, and I am no chicken."

"There is no clue?" said Gregson.

"None at all," chimed in Lestrade.

Sherlock Holmes approached the body, and, kneeling down, 
examined it intently.  "You are sure that there is no wound?" 
he asked, pointing to numerous gouts and splashes of blood 
which lay all round.

"Positive!" cried both detectives.

"Then, of course, this blood belongs to a second individual -- {8} 
presumably the murderer, if murder has been committed. 
It reminds me of the circumstances attendant on the death 
of Van Jansen, in Utrecht, in the year '34.  Do you remember 
the case, Gregson?"

"No, sir."

"Read it up -- you really should.  There is nothing new under 
the sun.  It has all been done before."

As he spoke, his nimble fingers were flying here, there, 
and everywhere, feeling, pressing, unbuttoning, examining, 
while his eyes wore the same far-away expression which I have 
already remarked upon.  So swiftly was the examination made, 
that one would hardly have guessed the minuteness with which 
it was conducted.  Finally, he sniffed the dead man's lips, 
and then glanced at the soles of his patent leather boots.

"He has not been moved at all?" he asked.

"No more than was necessary for the purposes of our examination."

"You can take him to the mortuary now," he said.  
"There is nothing more to be learned."

Gregson had a stretcher and four men at hand.  At his call 
they entered the room, and the stranger was lifted and 
carried out.  As they raised him, a ring tinkled down and 
rolled across the floor.  Lestrade grabbed it up and stared 
at it with mystified eyes.

"There's been a woman here," he cried.  "It's a woman's 
wedding-ring."

He held it out, as he spoke, upon the palm of his hand.  
We all gathered round him and gazed at it.  There could be no 
doubt that that circlet of plain gold had once adorned the 
finger of a bride.

"This complicates matters," said Gregson.  "Heaven knows, 
they were complicated enough before."

"You're sure it doesn't simplify them?" observed Holmes.  
"There's nothing to be learned by staring at it.  
What did you find in his pockets?"

"We have it all here," said Gregson, pointing to a litter 
of objects upon one of the bottom steps of the stairs.  
"A gold watch, No. 97163, by Barraud, of London.  Gold Albert 
chain, very heavy and solid.  Gold ring, with masonic device.  
Gold pin -- bull-dog's head, with rubies as eyes.  
Russian leather card-case, with cards of Enoch J. Drebber 
of Cleveland, corresponding with the E. J. D. upon the linen.  
No purse, but loose money to the extent of seven pounds thirteen.  
Pocket edition of Boccaccio's `Decameron,' with name of 
Joseph Stangerson upon the fly-leaf.  Two letters -- one 
addressed to E. J. Drebber and one to Joseph Stangerson."

"At what address?"

"American Exchange, Strand -- to be left till called for.  
They are both from the Guion Steamship Company, and refer to 
the sailing of their boats from Liverpool.  It is clear that 
this unfortunate man was about to return to New York."

"Have you made any inquiries as to this man, Stangerson?"

"I did it at once, sir," said Gregson.  "I have had advertisements 
sent to all the newspapers, and one of my men has gone to the 
American Exchange, but he has not returned yet."

"Have you sent to Cleveland?"

"We telegraphed this morning."

"How did you word your inquiries?"

"We simply detailed the circumstances, and said that we 
should be glad of any information which could help us."

"You did not ask for particulars on any point which appeared 
to you to be crucial?"

"I asked about Stangerson."

"Nothing else?  Is there no circumstance on which this whole 
case appears to hinge?  Will you not telegraph again?"

"I have said all I have to say," said Gregson, 
in an offended voice.

Sherlock Holmes chuckled to himself, and appeared to be about 
to make some remark, when Lestrade, who had been in the front 
room while we were holding this conversation in the hall, 
reappeared upon the scene, rubbing his hands in a pompous and 
self-satisfied manner.

"Mr. Gregson," he said, "I have just made a discovery of the 
highest importance, and one which would have been overlooked 
had I not made a careful examination of the walls."

The little man's eyes sparkled as he spoke, and he was 
evidently in a state of suppressed exultation at having 
scored a point against his colleague.

"Come here," he said, bustling back into the room, 
the atmosphere of which felt clearer since the removal 
of its ghastly inmate.  "Now, stand there!"

He struck a match on his boot and held it up against the wall.

"Look at that!" he said, triumphantly.

I have remarked that the paper had fallen away in parts.  
In this particular corner of the room a large piece had peeled 
off, leaving a yellow square of coarse plastering.  Across 
this bare space there was scrawled in blood-red letters a 
single word --


                         RACHE.


"What do you think of that?" cried the detective, with the 
air of a showman exhibiting his show.  "This was overlooked 
because it was in the darkest corner of the room, and no one 
thought of looking there.  The murderer has written it with 
his or her own blood.  See this smear where it has trickled 
down the wall!  That disposes of the idea of suicide anyhow.  
Why was that corner chosen to write it on?  I will tell you.  
See that candle on the mantelpiece.  It was lit at the time, 
and if it was lit this corner would be the brightest instead 
of the darkest portion of the wall."

"And what does it mean now that you _have_ found it?" asked 
Gregson in a depreciatory voice.

"Mean?  Why, it means that the writer was going to put the 
female name Rachel, but was disturbed before he or she had 
time to finish.  You mark my words, when this case comes to 
be cleared up you will find that a woman named Rachel has 
something to do with it.  It's all very well for you to laugh, 
Mr. Sherlock Holmes.  You may be very smart and clever, 
but the old hound is the best, when all is said and done."

"I really beg your pardon!" said my companion, who had 
ruffled the little man's temper by bursting into an explosion 
of laughter.  "You certainly have the credit of being the 
first of us to find this out, and, as you say, it bears every 
mark of having been written by the other participant in last 
night's mystery.  I have not had time to examine this room 
yet, but with your permission I shall do so now."

As he spoke, he whipped a tape measure and a large round 
magnifying glass from his pocket.  With these two implements 
he trotted noiselessly about the room, sometimes stopping, 
occasionally kneeling, and once lying flat upon his face.  
So engrossed was he with his occupation that he appeared to 
have forgotten our presence, for he chattered away to himself 
under his breath the whole time, keeping up a running fire of 
exclamations, groans, whistles, and little cries suggestive 
of encouragement and of hope.  As I watched him I was 
irresistibly reminded of a pure-blooded well-trained foxhound 
as it dashes backwards and forwards through the covert, 
whining in its eagerness, until it comes across the lost 
scent.  For twenty minutes or more he continued his 
researches, measuring with the most exact care the distance 
between marks which were entirely invisible to me, and 
occasionally applying his tape to the walls in an equally 
incomprehensible manner.  In one place he gathered up very 
carefully a little pile of grey dust from the floor, and 
packed it away in an envelope.  Finally, he examined with his 
glass the word upon the wall, going over every letter of it 
with the most minute exactness.  This done, he appeared to be 
satisfied, for he replaced his tape and his glass in his pocket.

"They say that genius is an infinite capacity for taking 
pains," he remarked with a smile.  "It's a very bad 
definition, but it does apply to detective work."

Gregson and Lestrade had watched the manoeuvres {9} of their 
amateur companion with considerable curiosity and some 
contempt.  They evidently failed to appreciate the fact, which 
I had begun to realize, that Sherlock Holmes' smallest actions 
were all directed towards some definite and practical end.

"What do you think of it, sir?" they both asked.

"It would be robbing you of the credit of the case if I was 
to presume to help you," remarked my friend.  "You are doing 
so well now that it would be a pity for anyone to interfere."  
There was a world of sarcasm in his voice as he spoke.  
"If you will let me know how your investigations go," 
he continued, "I shall be happy to give you any help I can.  
In the meantime I should like to speak to the constable who 
found the body.  Can you give me his name and address?"

Lestrade glanced at his note-book.  "John Rance," he said.  
"He is off duty now.  You will find him at 46, Audley Court, 
Kennington Park Gate."

Holmes took a note of the address.

"Come along, Doctor," he said; "we shall go and look him up.  
I'll tell you one thing which may help you in the case," 
he continued, turning to the two detectives.  "There has been 
murder done, and the murderer was a man.  He was more than 
six feet high, was in the prime of life, had small feet for 
his height, wore coarse, square-toed boots and smoked a 
Trichinopoly cigar.  He came here with his victim in a 
four-wheeled cab, which was drawn by a horse with three old shoes 
and one new one on his off fore leg.  In all probability the 
murderer had a florid face, and the finger-nails of his right 
hand were remarkably long.  These are only a few indications, 
but they may assist you."

Lestrade and Gregson glanced at each other with an incredulous 
smile.

"If this man was murdered, how was it done?" asked the former.

"Poison," said Sherlock Holmes curtly, and strode off.  
"One other thing, Lestrade," he added, turning round at the door:  
"`Rache,' is the German for `revenge;' so don't lose your 
time looking for Miss Rachel."

With which Parthian shot he walked away, leaving the two 
rivals open-mouthed behind him. 



CHAPTER IV.

WHAT JOHN RANCE HAD TO TELL.


IT was one o'clock when we left No. 3, Lauriston Gardens.  
Sherlock Holmes led me to the nearest telegraph office, 
whence he dispatched a long telegram.  He then hailed a cab, 
and ordered the driver to take us to the address given us by 
Lestrade.

"There is nothing like first hand evidence," he remarked; 
"as a matter of fact, my mind is entirely made up upon the case, 
but still we may as well learn all that is to be learned."

"You amaze me, Holmes," said I.  "Surely you are not as sure 
as you pretend to be of all those particulars which you gave."

"There's no room for a mistake," he answered.  "The very 
first thing which I observed on arriving there was that a cab 
had made two ruts with its wheels close to the curb.  Now, up 
to last night, we have had no rain for a week, so that those 
wheels which left such a deep impression must have been there 
during the night.  There were the marks of the horse's hoofs, 
too, the outline of one of which was far more clearly cut 
than that of the other three, showing that that was a new 
shoe.  Since the cab was there after the rain began, and was 
not there at any time during the morning -- I have Gregson's 
word for that -- it follows that it must have been there 
during the night, and, therefore, that it brought those two 
individuals to the house."

"That seems simple enough," said I; "but how about the other 
man's height?"

"Why, the height of a man, in nine cases out of ten, 
can be told from the length of his stride.  It is a simple 
calculation enough, though there is no use my boring you with 
figures.  I had this fellow's stride both on the clay outside 
and on the dust within.  Then I had a way of checking my 
calculation.  When a man writes on a wall, his instinct leads 
him to write about the level of his own eyes.  Now that writing 
was just over six feet from the ground.  It was child's play."

"And his age?" I asked.

"Well, if a man can stride four and a-half feet without the 
smallest effort, he can't be quite in the sere and yellow.  
That was the breadth of a puddle on the garden walk which he 
had evidently walked across.  Patent-leather boots had gone 
round, and Square-toes had hopped over.  There is no mystery 
about it at all.  I am simply applying to ordinary life a few 
of those precepts of observation and deduction which I 
advocated in that article.  Is there anything else that 
puzzles you?"

"The finger nails and the Trichinopoly," I suggested.

"The writing on the wall was done with a man's forefinger 
dipped in blood.  My glass allowed me to observe that the 
plaster was slightly scratched in doing it, which would not 
have been the case if the man's nail had been trimmed.  
I gathered up some scattered ash from the floor.  It was dark 
in colour and flakey -- such an ash as is only made by a 
Trichinopoly.  I have made a special study of cigar ashes -- 
in fact, I have written a monograph upon the subject.  
I flatter myself that I can distinguish at a glance the ash of 
any known brand, either of cigar or of tobacco.  It is just 
in such details that the skilled detective differs from the 
Gregson and Lestrade type."

"And the florid face?" I asked.

"Ah, that was a more daring shot, though I have no doubt that 
I was right.  You must not ask me that at the present state 
of the affair."

I passed my hand over my brow.  "My head is in a whirl," 
I remarked; "the more one thinks of it the more mysterious it 
grows.  How came these two men -- if there were two men -- 
into an empty house?  What has become of the cabman who drove 
them?  How could one man compel another to take poison?  
Where did the blood come from?  What was the object of the 
murderer, since robbery had no part in it?  How came the 
woman's ring there?  Above all, why should the second man write 
up the German word RACHE before decamping?  I confess that I 
cannot see any possible way of reconciling all these facts."

My companion smiled approvingly.

"You sum up the difficulties of the situation succinctly and 
well," he said.  "There is much that is still obscure, though 
I have quite made up my mind on the main facts.  As to poor 
Lestrade's discovery it was simply a blind intended to put 
the police upon a wrong track, by suggesting Socialism and 
secret societies.  It was not done by a German.  The A, if 
you noticed, was printed somewhat after the German fashion.  
Now, a real German invariably prints in the Latin character, 
so that we may safely say that this was not written by one, 
but by a clumsy imitator who overdid his part.  It was simply 
a ruse to divert inquiry into a wrong channel.  I'm not going 
to tell you much more of the case, Doctor.  You know a 
conjuror gets no credit when once he has explained his trick, 
and if I show you too much of my method of working, you will 
come to the conclusion that I am a very ordinary individual 
after all."

"I shall never do that," I answered; "you have brought 
detection as near an exact science as it ever will be brought 
in this world."

My companion flushed up with pleasure at my words, and the 
earnest way in which I uttered them.  I had already observed 
that he was as sensitive to flattery on the score of his art 
as any girl could be of her beauty.

"I'll tell you one other thing," he said.  "Patent leathers {10} 
and Square-toes came in the same cab, and they walked down 
the pathway together as friendly as possible -- arm-in-arm, 
in all probability.  When they got inside they walked up and 
down the room -- or rather, Patent-leathers stood still while 
Square-toes walked up and down.  I could read all that in the 
dust; and I could read that as he walked he grew more and 
more excited.  That is shown by the increased length of his 
strides.  He was talking all the while, and working himself 
up, no doubt, into a fury.  Then the tragedy occurred.  
I've told you all I know myself now, for the rest is mere 
surmise and conjecture.  We have a good working basis, however, 
on which to start.  We must hurry up, for I want to go to 
Halle's concert to hear Norman Neruda this afternoon."

This conversation had occurred while our cab had been 
threading its way through a long succession of dingy streets 
and dreary by-ways.  In the dingiest and dreariest of them 
our driver suddenly came to a stand.  "That's Audley Court 
in there," he said, pointing to a narrow slit in the line of 
dead-coloured brick.  "You'll find me here when you come back."

Audley Court was not an attractive locality.  The narrow 
passage led us into a quadrangle paved with flags and lined 
by sordid dwellings.  We picked our way among groups of dirty 
children, and through lines of discoloured linen, until we 
came to Number 46, the door of which was decorated with a 
small slip of brass on which the name Rance was engraved.  
On enquiry we found that the constable was in bed, and we 
were shown into a little front parlour to await his coming.

He appeared presently, looking a little irritable at being 
disturbed in his slumbers.  "I made my report at the office," 
he said.

Holmes took a half-sovereign from his pocket and played with 
it pensively.  "We thought that we should like to hear it all 
from your own lips," he said.

"I shall be most happy to tell you anything I can," the 
constable answered with his eyes upon the little golden disk.

"Just let us hear it all in your own way as it occurred."

Rance sat down on the horsehair sofa, and knitted his brows 
as though determined not to omit anything in his narrative.

"I'll tell it ye from the beginning," he said.  "My time is 
from ten at night to six in the morning.  At eleven there was 
a fight at the `White Hart'; but bar that all was quiet 
enough on the beat.  At one o'clock it began to rain, and I 
met Harry Murcher -- him who has the Holland Grove beat -- 
and we stood together at the corner of Henrietta Street a-talkin'.  
Presently -- maybe about two or a little after -- I thought 
I would take a look round and see that all was right 
down the Brixton Road.  It was precious dirty and lonely.  
Not a soul did I meet all the way down, though a cab or two 
went past me.  I was a strollin' down, thinkin' between 
ourselves how uncommon handy a four of gin hot would be, 
when suddenly the glint of a light caught my eye in the window 
of that same house.  Now, I knew that them two houses in 
Lauriston Gardens was empty on account of him that owns them 
who won't have the drains seed to, though the very last 
tenant what lived in one of them died o' typhoid fever.  
I was knocked all in a heap therefore at seeing a light 
in the window, and I suspected as something was wrong.  
When I got to the door ----"

"You stopped, and then walked back to the garden gate," 
my companion interrupted.  "What did you do that for?"

Rance gave a violent jump, and stared at Sherlock Holmes 
with the utmost amazement upon his features.

"Why, that's true, sir," he said; "though how you come to 
know it, Heaven only knows.  Ye see, when I got up to the door 
it was so still and so lonesome, that I thought I'd be none 
the worse for some one with me.  I ain't afeared of anything 
on this side o' the grave; but I thought that maybe it was him 
that died o' the typhoid inspecting the drains what killed him.  
The thought gave me a kind o' turn, and I walked back to the 
gate to see if I could see Murcher's lantern, but there 
wasn't no sign of him nor of anyone else."

"There was no one in the street?"

"Not a livin' soul, sir, nor as much as a dog.  Then I pulled 
myself together and went back and pushed the door open.  All 
was quiet inside, so I went into the room where the light was 
a-burnin'.  There was a candle flickerin' on the mantelpiece 
-- a red wax one -- and by its light I saw ----"

"Yes, I know all that you saw.  You walked round the room 
several times, and you knelt down by the body, and then you 
walked through and tried the kitchen door, and then ----"

John Rance sprang to his feet with a frightened face and 
suspicion in his eyes.  "Where was you hid to see all that?" 
he cried.  "It seems to me that you knows a deal more than 
you should."

Holmes laughed and threw his card across the table to the 
constable.  "Don't get arresting me for the murder," he said.  
"I am one of the hounds and not the wolf; Mr. Gregson or 
Mr. Lestrade will answer for that.  Go on, though.  What did 
you do next?"

Rance resumed his seat, without however losing his mystified 
expression.  "I went back to the gate and sounded my whistle.  
That brought Murcher and two more to the spot."

"Was the street empty then?"

"Well, it was, as far as anybody that could be of any good goes."

"What do you mean?"

The constable's features broadened into a grin.  "I've seen 
many a drunk chap in my time," he said, "but never anyone so 
cryin' drunk as that cove.  He was at the gate when I came 
out, a-leanin' up agin the railings, and a-singin' at the 
pitch o' his lungs about Columbine's New-fangled Banner, or 
some such stuff.  He couldn't stand, far less help."

"What sort of a man was he?" asked Sherlock Holmes.

John Rance appeared to be somewhat irritated at this digression.  
"He was an uncommon drunk sort o' man," he said.  "He'd ha' 
found hisself in the station if we hadn't been so took up."

"His face -- his dress -- didn't you notice them?" Holmes 
broke in impatiently.

"I should think I did notice them, seeing that I had to prop 
him up -- me and Murcher between us.  He was a long chap, 
with a red face, the lower part muffled round ----"

"That will do," cried Holmes.  "What became of him?"

"We'd enough to do without lookin' after him," the policeman 
said, in an aggrieved voice.  "I'll wager he found his way 
home all right."

"How was he dressed?"

"A brown overcoat."

"Had he a whip in his hand?"

"A whip -- no."

"He must have left it behind," muttered my companion.  
"You didn't happen to see or hear a cab after that?"

"No."

"There's a half-sovereign for you," my companion said, 
standing up and taking his hat.  "I am afraid, Rance, that 
you will never rise in the force.  That head of yours should 
be for use as well as ornament.  You might have gained your 
sergeant's stripes last night.  The man whom you held in your 
hands is the man who holds the clue of this mystery, and whom 
we are seeking.  There is no use of arguing about it now; 
I tell you that it is so.  Come along, Doctor."

We started off for the cab together, leaving our informant 
incredulous, but obviously uncomfortable.

"The blundering fool," Holmes said, bitterly, as we drove 
back to our lodgings.  "Just to think of his having such an 
incomparable bit of good luck, and not taking advantage of it."

"I am rather in the dark still.  It is true that the 
description of this man tallies with your idea of the second 
party in this mystery.  But why should he come back to the 
house after leaving it?  That is not the way of criminals."

"The ring, man, the ring:  that was what he came back for.  
If we have no other way of catching him, we can always bait 
our line with the ring.  I shall have him, Doctor -- I'll lay 
you two to one that I have him.  I must thank you for it all.  
I might not have gone but for you, and so have missed the 
finest study I ever came across:  a study in scarlet, eh?  
Why shouldn't we use a little art jargon.  There's the 
scarlet thread of murder running through the colourless skein 
of life, and our duty is to unravel it, and isolate it, and 
expose every inch of it.  And now for lunch, and then for 
Norman Neruda.  Her attack and her bowing are splendid.  
What's that little thing of Chopin's she plays so 
magnificently: Tra-la-la-lira-lira-lay."

Leaning back in the cab, this amateur bloodhound carolled 
away like a lark while I meditated upon the many-sidedness 
of the human mind.



CHAPTER V.

OUR ADVERTISEMENT BRINGS A VISITOR.


OUR morning's exertions had been too much for my weak health, 
and I was tired out in the afternoon.  After Holmes' 
departure for the concert, I lay down upon the sofa and 
endeavoured to get a couple of hours' sleep.  It was a 
useless attempt.  My mind had been too much excited by all 
that had occurred, and the strangest fancies and surmises 
crowded into it.  Every time that I closed my eyes I saw 
before me the distorted baboon-like countenance of the 
murdered man.  So sinister was the impression which that face 
had produced upon me that I found it difficult to feel 
anything but gratitude for him who had removed its owner from 
the world.  If ever human features bespoke vice of the most 
malignant type, they were certainly those of Enoch J. Drebber, 
of Cleveland.  Still I recognized that justice must be done, 
and that the depravity of the victim was no condonment {11} in 
the eyes of the law.

The more I thought of it the more extraordinary did my 
companion's hypothesis, that the man had been poisoned, 
appear.  I remembered how he had sniffed his lips, and had no 
doubt that he had detected something which had given rise to 
the idea.  Then, again, if not poison, what had caused the 
man's death, since there was neither wound nor marks of 
strangulation?  But, on the other hand, whose blood was that 
which lay so thickly upon the floor?  There were no signs of 
a struggle, nor had the victim any weapon with which he might 
have wounded an antagonist.  As long as all these questions 
were unsolved, I felt that sleep would be no easy matter, 
either for Holmes or myself.  His quiet self-confident manner 
convinced me that he had already formed a theory which 
explained all the facts, though what it was I could not for 
an instant conjecture.

He was very late in returning -- so late, that I knew 
that the concert could not have detained him all the time.  
Dinner was on the table before he appeared.

"It was magnificent," he said, as he took his seat.  "Do you 
remember what Darwin says about music?  He claims that the 
power of producing and appreciating it existed among the 
human race long before the power of speech was arrived at.  
Perhaps that is why we are so subtly influenced by it.  
There are vague memories in our souls of those misty centuries 
when the world was in its childhood."

"That's rather a broad idea," I remarked.

"One's ideas must be as broad as Nature if they are to 
interpret Nature," he answered.  "What's the matter?  
You're not looking quite yourself.  This Brixton Road affair 
has upset you."

"To tell the truth, it has," I said.  "I ought to be more 
case-hardened after my Afghan experiences.  I saw my own 
comrades hacked to pieces at Maiwand without losing my 
nerve."

"I can understand.  There is a mystery about this which 
stimulates the imagination; where there is no imagination 
there is no horror.  Have you seen the evening paper?"

"No."

"It gives a fairly good account of the affair.  It does not 
mention the fact that when the man was raised up, a woman's 
wedding ring fell upon the floor.  It is just as well it does not."

"Why?"

"Look at this advertisement," he answered.  "I had one sent 
to every paper this morning immediately after the affair."

He threw the paper across to me and I glanced at the place 
indicated.  It was the first announcement in the "Found" column.  
"In Brixton Road, this morning," it ran, "a plain gold wedding 
ring, found in the roadway between the `White Hart' Tavern 
and Holland Grove.  Apply Dr. Watson, 221B, Baker Street, 
between eight and nine this evening."

"Excuse my using your name," he said.  "If I used my own some 
of these dunderheads would recognize it, and want to meddle 
in the affair."

"That is all right," I answered.  "But supposing anyone 
applies, I have no ring."

"Oh yes, you have," said he, handing me one.  "This will do 
very well.  It is almost a facsimile."

"And who do you expect will answer this advertisement."

"Why, the man in the brown coat -- our florid friend with the 
square toes.  If he does not come himself he will send an 
accomplice."

"Would he not consider it as too dangerous?"

"Not at all.  If my view of the case is correct, and I have 
every reason to believe that it is, this man would rather 
risk anything than lose the ring.  According to my notion he 
dropped it while stooping over Drebber's body, and did not 
miss it at the time.  After leaving the house he discovered 
his loss and hurried back, but found the police already in 
possession, owing to his own folly in leaving the candle 
burning.  He had to pretend to be drunk in order to allay the 
suspicions which might have been aroused by his appearance at 
the gate.  Now put yourself in that man's place.  On thinking 
the matter over, it must have occurred to him that it was 
possible that he had lost the ring in the road after leaving 
the house.  What would he do, then?  He would eagerly look 
out for the evening papers in the hope of seeing it among the 
articles found.  His eye, of course, would light upon this.  
He would be overjoyed.  Why should he fear a trap?  
There would be no reason in his eyes why the finding of the 
ring should be connected with the murder.  He would come.  
He will come.  You shall see him within an hour?"

"And then?" I asked.

"Oh, you can leave me to deal with him then.  Have you any arms?"

"I have my old service revolver and a few cartridges."

"You had better clean it and load it.  He will be a desperate 
man, and though I shall take him unawares, it is as well to 
be ready for anything."

I went to my bedroom and followed his advice.  When I 
returned with the pistol the table had been cleared, and 
Holmes was engaged in his favourite occupation of scraping 
upon his violin.

"The plot thickens," he said, as I entered; "I have just had 
an answer to my American telegram.  My view of the case is 
the correct one."

"And that is?" I asked eagerly.

"My fiddle would be the better for new strings," he remarked.  
"Put your pistol in your pocket.  When the fellow comes speak 
to him in an ordinary way.  Leave the rest to me.  
Don't frighten him by looking at him too hard."

"It is eight o'clock now," I said, glancing at my watch.

"Yes.  He will probably be here in a few minutes.  Open the 
door slightly.  That will do.  Now put the key on the inside.  
Thank you!  This is a queer old book I picked up at a stall 
yesterday -- `De Jure inter Gentes' -- published in Latin at 
Liege in the Lowlands, in 1642.  Charles' head was still firm 
on his shoulders when this little brown-backed volume was 
struck off."

"Who is the printer?"

"Philippe de Croy, whoever he may have been.  On the fly-leaf, 
in very faded ink, is written `Ex libris Guliolmi Whyte.'  
I wonder who William Whyte was.  Some pragmatical seventeenth 
century lawyer, I suppose.  His writing has a legal twist 
about it.  Here comes our man, I think."

As he spoke there was a sharp ring at the bell.  Sherlock Holmes 
rose softly and moved his chair in the direction of the door.  
We heard the servant pass along the hall, and the sharp click 
of the latch as she opened it.

"Does Dr. Watson live here?" asked a clear but rather harsh 
voice.  We could not hear the servant's reply, but the door 
closed, and some one began to ascend the stairs.  
The footfall was an uncertain and shuffling one.  A look of 
surprise passed over the face of my companion as he listened 
to it.  It came slowly along the passage, and there was a 
feeble tap at the door.

"Come in," I cried.

At my summons, instead of the man of violence whom we 
expected, a very old and wrinkled woman hobbled into the 
apartment.  She appeared to be dazzled by the sudden blaze of 
light, and after dropping a curtsey, she stood blinking at us 
with her bleared eyes and fumbling in her pocket with nervous, 
shaky fingers.  I glanced at my companion, and his face had 
assumed such a disconsolate expression that it was all I could 
do to keep my countenance.

The old crone drew out an evening paper, and pointed at our 
advertisement.  "It's this as has brought me, good gentlemen," 
she said, dropping another curtsey; "a gold wedding ring in the 
Brixton Road.  It belongs to my girl Sally, as was married only 
this time twelvemonth, which her husband is steward aboard 
a Union boat, and what he'd say if he come 'ome and found her 
without her ring is more than I can think, he being short enough 
at the best o' times, but more especially when he has the drink.  
If it please you, she went to the circus last night along with ----"

"Is that her ring?" I asked.

"The Lord be thanked!" cried the old woman; "Sally will be a 
glad woman this night.  That's the ring."

"And what may your address be?" I inquired, taking up a pencil.

"13, Duncan Street, Houndsditch.  A weary way from here."

"The Brixton Road does not lie between any circus and 
Houndsditch," said Sherlock Holmes sharply.

The old woman faced round and looked keenly at him from her little 
red-rimmed eyes.  "The gentleman asked me for _my_ address," she 
said.  "Sally lives in lodgings at 3, Mayfield Place, Peckham."

"And your name is ----?"

"My name is Sawyer -- her's is Dennis, which Tom Dennis married 
her -- and a smart, clean lad, too, as long as he's at sea, 
and no steward in the company more thought of; but when on shore, 
what with the women and what with liquor shops ----"

"Here is your ring, Mrs. Sawyer," I interrupted, in obedience 
to a sign from my companion; "it clearly belongs to your daughter, 
and I am glad to be able to restore it to the rightful owner."

With many mumbled blessings and protestations of gratitude 
the old crone packed it away in her pocket, and shuffled off 
down the stairs.  Sherlock Holmes sprang to his feet the 
moment that she was gone and rushed into his room.  
He returned in a few seconds enveloped in an ulster and a 
cravat.  "I'll follow her," he said, hurriedly; "she must be 
an accomplice, and will lead me to him.  Wait up for me."  
The hall door had hardly slammed behind our visitor before 
Holmes had descended the stair.  Looking through the window 
I could see her walking feebly along the other side, while her 
pursuer dogged her some little distance behind.  "Either his 
whole theory is incorrect," I thought to myself, "or else he 
will be led now to the heart of the mystery."  There was no 
need for him to ask me to wait up for him, for I felt that 
sleep was impossible until I heard the result of his adventure.

It was close upon nine when he set out.  I had no idea how 
long he might be, but I sat stolidly puffing at my pipe and 
skipping over the pages of Henri Murger's "Vie de Boheme." {12}  
Ten o'clock passed, and I heard the footsteps of the maid as 
they pattered off to bed.  Eleven, and the more stately tread 
of the landlady passed my door, bound for the same destination.  
It was close upon twelve before I heard the sharp sound of his 
latch-key.  The instant he entered I saw by his face that he 
had not been successful.  Amusement and chagrin seemed to be 
struggling for the mastery, until the former suddenly carried 
the day, and he burst into a hearty laugh.

"I wouldn't have the Scotland Yarders know it for the world," 
he cried, dropping into his chair; "I have chaffed them so 
much that they would never have let me hear the end of it.  
I can afford to laugh, because I know that I will be even with 
them in the long run."

"What is it then?" I asked.

"Oh, I don't mind telling a story against myself.  That 
creature had gone a little way when she began to limp and 
show every sign of being foot-sore.  Presently she came to a 
halt, and hailed a four-wheeler which was passing.  I managed 
to be close to her so as to hear the address, but I need not 
have been so anxious, for she sang it out loud enough to be 
heard at the other side of the street, `Drive to 13, Duncan 
Street, Houndsditch,' she cried.  This begins to look 
genuine, I thought, and having seen her safely inside, 
I perched myself behind.  That's an art which every detective 
should be an expert at.  Well, away we rattled, and never 
drew rein until we reached the street in question.  I hopped 
off before we came to the door, and strolled down the street 
in an easy, lounging way.  I saw the cab pull up.  The driver 
jumped down, and I saw him open the door and stand 
expectantly.  Nothing came out though.  When I reached him he 
was groping about frantically in the empty cab, and giving 
vent to the finest assorted collection of oaths that ever 
I listened to.  There was no sign or trace of his passenger, 
and I fear it will be some time before he gets his fare.  
On inquiring at Number 13 we found that the house belonged to 
a respectable paperhanger, named Keswick, and that no one of 
the name either of Sawyer or Dennis had ever been heard of 
there."

"You don't mean to say," I cried, in amazement, "that that 
tottering, feeble old woman was able to get out of the cab 
while it was in motion, without either you or the driver 
seeing her?"

"Old woman be damned!" said Sherlock Holmes, sharply.  
"We were the old women to be so taken in.  It must have been 
a young man, and an active one, too, besides being an 
incomparable actor.  The get-up was inimitable.  He saw that 
he was followed, no doubt, and used this means of giving me 
the slip.  It shows that the man we are after is not as 
lonely as I imagined he was, but has friends who are ready to 
risk something for him.  Now, Doctor, you are looking done-up.  
Take my advice and turn in."

I was certainly feeling very weary, so I obeyed his injunction.  
I left Holmes seated in front of the smouldering fire, and long 
into the watches of the night I heard the low, melancholy 
wailings of his violin, and knew that he was still pondering 
over the strange problem which he had set himself to unravel.



CHAPTER VI.

TOBIAS GREGSON SHOWS WHAT HE CAN DO.


THE papers next day were full of the "Brixton Mystery," 
as they termed it.  Each had a long account of the affair, 
and some had leaders upon it in addition.  There was some 
information in them which was new to me.  I still retain in 
my scrap-book numerous clippings and extracts bearing upon 
the case.  Here is a condensation of a few of them:--

The _Daily Telegraph_ remarked that in the history of crime 
there had seldom been a tragedy which presented stranger 
features.  The German name of the victim, the absence of 
all other motive, and the sinister inscription on the wall, 
all pointed to its perpetration by political refugees and 
revolutionists.  The Socialists had many branches in America, 
and the deceased had, no doubt, infringed their unwritten 
laws, and been tracked down by them.  After alluding airily 
to the Vehmgericht, aqua tofana, Carbonari, the Marchioness 
de Brinvilliers, the Darwinian theory, the principles of 
Malthus, and the Ratcliff Highway murders, the article 
concluded by admonishing the Government and advocating 
a closer watch over foreigners in England.

The _Standard_ commented upon the fact that lawless outrages 
of the sort usually occurred under a Liberal Administration.  
They arose from the unsettling of the minds of the masses, 
and the consequent weakening of all authority.  The deceased 
was an American gentleman who had been residing for some 
weeks in the Metropolis.  He had stayed at the boarding-house 
of Madame Charpentier, in Torquay Terrace, Camberwell.  
He was accompanied in his travels by his private secretary, 
Mr. Joseph Stangerson.  The two bade adieu to their landlady 
upon Tuesday, the 4th inst., and departed to Euston Station 
with the avowed intention of catching the Liverpool express.  
They were afterwards seen together upon the platform.  
Nothing more is known of them until Mr. Drebber's body was, 
as recorded, discovered in an empty house in the Brixton Road, 
many miles from Euston.  How he came there, or how he met his 
fate, are questions which are still involved in mystery.  
Nothing is known of the whereabouts of Stangerson.  We are 
glad to learn that Mr. Lestrade and Mr. Gregson, of Scotland 
Yard, are both engaged upon the case, and it is confidently 
anticipated that these well-known officers will speedily 
throw light upon the matter.

The _Daily News_ observed that there was no doubt as to the 
crime being a political one.  The despotism and hatred of 
Liberalism which animated the Continental Governments had had 
the effect of driving to our shores a number of men who might 
have made excellent citizens were they not soured by the 
recollection of all that they had undergone.  Among these men 
there was a stringent code of honour, any infringement of 
which was punished by death.  Every effort should be made to 
find the secretary, Stangerson, and to ascertain some 
particulars of the habits of the deceased.  A great step had 
been gained by the discovery of the address of the house at 
which he had boarded -- a result which was entirely due to 
the acuteness and energy of Mr. Gregson of Scotland Yard.

Sherlock Holmes and I read these notices over together at 
breakfast, and they appeared to afford him considerable 
amusement.

"I told you that, whatever happened, Lestrade and Gregson 
would be sure to score."

"That depends on how it turns out."

"Oh, bless you, it doesn't matter in the least.  If the man 
is caught, it will be _on account_ of their exertions; if he 
escapes, it will be _in spite_ of their exertions.  It's heads 
I win and tails you lose.  Whatever they do, they will have 
followers.  `Un sot trouve toujours un plus sot qui l'admire.'"

"What on earth is this?" I cried, for at this moment there 
came the pattering of many steps in the hall and on the 
stairs, accompanied by audible expressions of disgust upon 
the part of our landlady.

"It's the Baker Street division of the detective police 
force," said my companion, gravely; and as he spoke there 
rushed into the room half a dozen of the dirtiest and most 
ragged street Arabs that ever I clapped eyes on.

"'Tention!" cried Holmes, in a sharp tone, and the six dirty 
little scoundrels stood in a line like so many disreputable 
statuettes.  "In future you shall send up Wiggins alone to 
report, and the rest of you must wait in the street.  
Have you found it, Wiggins?"

"No, sir, we hain't," said one of the youths.

"I hardly expected you would.  You must keep on until you do.  
Here are your wages. {13}  He handed each of them a shilling.  
"Now, off you go, and come back with a better report next time."

He waved his hand, and they scampered away downstairs like so 
many rats, and we heard their shrill voices next moment in 
the street.

"There's more work to be got out of one of those little 
beggars than out of a dozen of the force," Holmes remarked.  
"The mere sight of an official-looking person seals men's 
lips.  These youngsters, however, go everywhere and hear 
everything.  They are as sharp as needles, too; all they want 
is organisation."

"Is it on this Brixton case that you are employing them?" I asked.

"Yes; there is a point which I wish to ascertain.  It is 
merely a matter of time.  Hullo! we are going to hear some 
news now with a vengeance!  Here is Gregson coming down the 
road with beatitude written upon every feature of his face.  
Bound for us, I know.  Yes, he is stopping.  There he is!"

There was a violent peal at the bell, and in a few seconds 
the fair-haired detective came up the stairs, three steps 
at a time, and burst into our sitting-room.

"My dear fellow," he cried, wringing Holmes' unresponsive hand, 
"congratulate me!  I have made the whole thing as clear as day."

A shade of anxiety seemed to me to cross my companion's 
expressive face.

"Do you mean that you are on the right track?" he asked.

"The right track!  Why, sir, we have the man under lock and key."

"And his name is?"

"Arthur Charpentier, sub-lieutenant in Her Majesty's navy," 
cried Gregson, pompously, rubbing his fat hands and inflating 
his chest.

Sherlock Holmes gave a sigh of relief, and relaxed into a smile.

"Take a seat, and try one of these cigars," he said.  
"We are anxious to know how you managed it.  Will you have some 
whiskey and water?"

"I don't mind if I do," the detective answered.  
"The tremendous exertions which I have gone through during 
the last day or two have worn me out.  Not so much bodily 
exertion, you understand, as the strain upon the mind.  
You will appreciate that, Mr. Sherlock Holmes, for we are both 
brain-workers."

"You do me too much honour," said Holmes, gravely.  
"Let us hear how you arrived at this most gratifying result."

The detective seated himself in the arm-chair, and puffed 
complacently at his cigar.  Then suddenly he slapped his 
thigh in a paroxysm of amusement.

"The fun of it is," he cried, "that that fool Lestrade, 
who thinks himself so smart, has gone off upon the wrong track 
altogether.  He is after the secretary Stangerson, who had no 
more to do with the crime than the babe unborn.  I have no 
doubt that he has caught him by this time."

The idea tickled Gregson so much that he laughed until he choked.

"And how did you get your clue?"

"Ah, I'll tell you all about it.  Of course, Doctor Watson, 
this is strictly between ourselves.  The first difficulty 
which we had to contend with was the finding of this 
American's antecedents.  Some people would have waited until 
their advertisements were answered, or until parties came 
forward and volunteered information.  That is not Tobias 
Gregson's way of going to work.  You remember the hat beside 
the dead man?"

"Yes," said Holmes; "by John Underwood and Sons, 129, 
Camberwell Road."

Gregson looked quite crest-fallen.

"I had no idea that you noticed that," he said.  
"Have you been there?"

"No."

"Ha!" cried Gregson, in a relieved voice; "you should never 
neglect a chance, however small it may seem."

"To a great mind, nothing is little," remarked Holmes, 
sententiously.

"Well, I went to Underwood, and asked him if he had sold a 
hat of that size and description.  He looked over his books, 
and came on it at once.  He had sent the hat to a Mr. Drebber, 
residing at Charpentier's Boarding Establishment, 
Torquay Terrace.  Thus I got at his address."

"Smart -- very smart!" murmured Sherlock Holmes.

"I next called upon Madame Charpentier," continued the 
detective.  "I found her very pale and distressed.  Her 
daughter was in the room, too -- an uncommonly fine girl she 
is, too; she was looking red about the eyes and her lips 
trembled as I spoke to her.  That didn't escape my notice.  
I began to smell a rat.  You know the feeling, Mr. Sherlock 
Holmes, when you come upon the right scent -- a kind of 
thrill in your nerves.  `Have you heard of the mysterious 
death of your late boarder Mr. Enoch J. Drebber, of 
Cleveland?' I asked.

"The mother nodded.  She didn't seem able to get out a word.  
The daughter burst into tears.  I felt more than ever that 
these people knew something of the matter.

"`At what o'clock did Mr. Drebber leave your house for the 
train?' I asked.

"`At eight o'clock,' she said, gulping in her throat to keep 
down her agitation.  `His secretary, Mr. Stangerson, said 
that there were two trains -- one at 9.15 and one at 11.  
He was to catch the first.  {14}

"`And was that the last which you saw of him?'

"A terrible change came over the woman's face as I asked the 
question.  Her features turned perfectly livid.  It was some 
seconds before she could get out the single word `Yes' -- and 
when it did come it was in a husky unnatural tone.

"There was silence for a moment, and then the daughter spoke 
in a calm clear voice.

"`No good can ever come of falsehood, mother,' she said.  
`Let us be frank with this gentleman.  We _did_ see Mr. Drebber 
again.'

"`God forgive you!' cried Madame Charpentier, throwing up her 
hands and sinking back in her chair.  `You have murdered your 
brother.'

"`Arthur would rather that we spoke the truth,' the girl 
answered firmly.

"`You had best tell me all about it now,' I said.  
`Half-confidences are worse than none.  Besides, you do not 
know how much we know of it.'

"`On your head be it, Alice!' cried her mother; and then, 
turning to me, `I will tell you all, sir.  Do not imagine 
that my agitation on behalf of my son arises from any fear 
lest he should have had a hand in this terrible affair.  
He is utterly innocent of it.  My dread is, however, that in 
your eyes and in the eyes of others he may appear to be 
compromised.  That however is surely impossible.  His high 
character, his profession, his antecedents would all forbid it.'

"`Your best way is to make a clean breast of the facts,' 
I answered.  `Depend upon it, if your son is innocent he will 
be none the worse.'

"`Perhaps, Alice, you had better leave us together,' she said, 
and her daughter withdrew.  `Now, sir,' she continued, 
`I had no intention of telling you all this, but since my 
poor daughter has disclosed it I have no alternative.  Having 
once decided to speak, I will tell you all without omitting 
any particular.'

"`It is your wisest course,' said I.

"`Mr. Drebber has been with us nearly three weeks.  He and 
his secretary, Mr. Stangerson, had been travelling on the 
Continent.  I noticed a "Copenhagen" label upon each of their 
trunks, showing that that had been their last stopping place.  
Stangerson was a quiet reserved man, but his employer, I am 
sorry to say, was far otherwise.  He was coarse in his habits 
and brutish in his ways.  The very night of his arrival he 
became very much the worse for drink, and, indeed, after 
twelve o'clock in the day he could hardly ever be said to be 
sober.  His manners towards the maid-servants were 
disgustingly free and familiar.  Worst of all, he speedily 
assumed the same attitude towards my daughter, Alice, and 
spoke to her more than once in a way which, fortunately, she 
is too innocent to understand.  On one occasion he actually 
seized her in his arms and embraced her -- an outrage which 
caused his own secretary to reproach him for his unmanly conduct.'

"`But why did you stand all this,' I asked.  `I suppose that 
you can get rid of your boarders when you wish.'

"Mrs. Charpentier blushed at my pertinent question.  `Would 
to God that I had given him notice on the very day that he 
came,' she said.  `But it was a sore temptation.  They were 
paying a pound a day each -- fourteen pounds a week, and this 
is the slack season.  I am a widow, and my boy in the Navy has 
cost me much.  I grudged to lose the money.  I acted for the 
best.  This last was too much, however, and I gave him notice 
to leave on account of it.  That was the reason of his going.'

"`Well?'

"`My heart grew light when I saw him drive away.  My son is 
on leave just now, but I did not tell him anything of all 
this, for his temper is violent, and he is passionately fond 
of his sister.  When I closed the door behind them a load 
seemed to be lifted from my mind.  Alas, in less than an hour 
there was a ring at the bell, and I learned that Mr. Drebber 
had returned.  He was much excited, and evidently the worse 
for drink.  He forced his way into the room, where I was 
sitting with my daughter, and made some incoherent remark 
about having missed his train.  He then turned to Alice, and 
before my very face, proposed to her that she should fly with 
him.  "You are of age," he said, "and there is no law to stop 
you.  I have money enough and to spare.  Never mind the old 
girl here, but come along with me now straight away.  You 
shall live like a princess."  Poor Alice was so frightened 
that she shrunk away from him, but he caught her by the wrist 
and endeavoured to draw her towards the door.  I screamed, 
and at that moment my son Arthur came into the room.  What 
happened then I do not know.  I heard oaths and the confused 
sounds of a scuffle.  I was too terrified to raise my head.  
When I did look up I saw Arthur standing in the doorway 
laughing, with a stick in his hand.  "I don't think that fine 
fellow will trouble us again," he said.  "I will just go 
after him and see what he does with himself."  With those 
words he took his hat and started off down the street.  
The next morning we heard of Mr. Drebber's mysterious death.'

"This statement came from Mrs. Charpentier's lips with many 
gasps and pauses.  At times she spoke so low that I could 
hardly catch the words.  I made shorthand notes of all that 
she said, however, so that there should be no possibility of 
a mistake."

"It's quite exciting," said Sherlock Holmes, with a yawn.  
"What happened next?"

"When Mrs. Charpentier paused," the detective continued, 
"I saw that the whole case hung upon one point.  Fixing her 
with my eye in a way which I always found effective with women, 
I asked her at what hour her son returned.

"`I do not know,' she answered.

"`Not know?'

"`No; he has a latch-key, and he let himself in.'

"`After you went to bed?'

"`Yes.'

"`When did you go to bed?'

"`About eleven.'

"`So your son was gone at least two hours?'

"`Yes.'

"`Possibly four or five?'

"`Yes.'

"`What was he doing during that time?'

"`I do not know,' she answered, turning white to her very lips.

"Of course after that there was nothing more to be done.  
I found out where Lieutenant Charpentier was, took two officers 
with me, and arrested him.  When I touched him on the 
shoulder and warned him to come quietly with us, he answered 
us as bold as brass, `I suppose you are arresting me for 
being concerned in the death of that scoundrel Drebber,' 
he said.  We had said nothing to him about it, so that his 
alluding to it had a most suspicious aspect."

"Very," said Holmes.

"He still carried the heavy stick which the mother described 
him as having with him when he followed Drebber.  It was a 
stout oak cudgel."

"What is your theory, then?"

"Well, my theory is that he followed Drebber as far as the 
Brixton Road.  When there, a fresh altercation arose between 
them, in the course of which Drebber received a blow from the 
stick, in the pit of the stomach, perhaps, which killed him 
without leaving any mark.  The night was so wet that no one 
was about, so Charpentier dragged the body of his victim into 
the empty house.  As to the candle, and the blood, and the 
writing on the wall, and the ring, they may all be so many 
tricks to throw the police on to the wrong scent."

"Well done!" said Holmes in an encouraging voice.  "Really, 
Gregson, you are getting along.  We shall make something of 
you yet."

"I flatter myself that I have managed it rather neatly," 
the detective answered proudly.  "The young man volunteered a 
statement, in which he said that after following Drebber some 
time, the latter perceived him, and took a cab in order to 
get away from him.  On his way home he met an old shipmate, 
and took a long walk with him.  On being asked where this old 
shipmate lived, he was unable to give any satisfactory reply.  
I think the whole case fits together uncommonly well.  What 
amuses me is to think of Lestrade, who had started off upon 
the wrong scent.  I am afraid he won't make much of {15}   
Why, by Jove, here's the very man himself!"

It was indeed Lestrade, who had ascended the stairs while we 
were talking, and who now entered the room.  The assurance 
and jauntiness which generally marked his demeanour and dress 
were, however, wanting.  His face was disturbed and troubled, 
while his clothes were disarranged and untidy.  He had 
evidently come with the intention of consulting with Sherlock 
Holmes, for on perceiving his colleague he appeared to be 
embarrassed and put out.  He stood in the centre of the room, 
fumbling nervously with his hat and uncertain what to do.  
"This is a most extraordinary case," he said at last -- 
"a most incomprehensible affair."

"Ah, you find it so, Mr. Lestrade!" cried Gregson, 
triumphantly.  "I thought you would come to that conclusion.  
Have you managed to find the Secretary, Mr. Joseph Stangerson?"

"The Secretary, Mr. Joseph Stangerson," said Lestrade gravely, 
"was murdered at Halliday's Private Hotel about six o'clock 
this morning." 



CHAPTER VII.

LIGHT IN THE DARKNESS.


THE intelligence with which Lestrade greeted us was so 
momentous and so unexpected, that we were all three fairly 
dumfoundered.  Gregson sprang out of his chair and upset the 
remainder of his whiskey and water.  I stared in silence at 
Sherlock Holmes, whose lips were compressed and his brows 
drawn down over his eyes.

"Stangerson too!" he muttered.  "The plot thickens."

"It was quite thick enough before," grumbled Lestrade, 
taking a chair.  "I seem to have dropped into a sort of council 
of war."

"Are you -- are you sure of this piece of intelligence?" 
stammered Gregson.

"I have just come from his room," said Lestrade.  
"I was the first to discover what had occurred."

"We have been hearing Gregson's view of the matter," Holmes 
observed.  "Would you mind letting us know what you have seen 
and done?"

"I have no objection," Lestrade answered, seating himself.  
"I freely confess that I was of the opinion that Stangerson 
was concerned in the death of Drebber.  This fresh 
development has shown me that I was completely mistaken.  
Full of the one idea, I set myself to find out what had 
become of the Secretary.  They had been seen together at 
Euston Station about half-past eight on the evening of the 
third.  At two in the morning Drebber had been found in the 
Brixton Road.  The question which confronted me was to find 
out how Stangerson had been employed between 8.30 and the 
time of the crime, and what had become of him afterwards.  
I telegraphed to Liverpool, giving a description of the man, 
and warning them to keep a watch upon the American boats.  
I then set to work calling upon all the hotels and 
lodging-houses in the vicinity of Euston.  You see, I argued 
that if Drebber and his companion had become separated, 
the natural course for the latter would be to put up somewhere 
in the vicinity for the night, and then to hang about the 
station again next morning."

"They would be likely to agree on some meeting-place beforehand," 
remarked Holmes.

"So it proved.  I spent the whole of yesterday evening in 
making enquiries entirely without avail.  This morning I 
began very early, and at eight o'clock I reached Halliday's 
Private Hotel, in Little George Street.  On my enquiry as to 
whether a Mr. Stangerson was living there, they at once 
answered me in the affirmative.

"`No doubt you are the gentleman whom he was expecting,' 
they said.  `He has been waiting for a gentleman for two days.'

"`Where is he now?' I asked.

"`He is upstairs in bed.  He wished to be called at nine.'

"`I will go up and see him at once,' I said.

"It seemed to me that my sudden appearance might shake his 
nerves and lead him to say something unguarded.  The Boots 
volunteered to show me the room: it was on the second floor, 
and there was a small corridor leading up to it.  The Boots 
pointed out the door to me, and was about to go downstairs 
again when I saw something that made me feel sickish, in 
spite of my twenty years' experience.  From under the door 
there curled a little red ribbon of blood, which had 
meandered across the passage and formed a little pool along 
the skirting at the other side.  I gave a cry, which brought 
the Boots back.  He nearly fainted when he saw it.  The door 
was locked on the inside, but we put our shoulders to it, and 
knocked it in.  The window of the room was open, and beside 
the window, all huddled up, lay the body of a man in his 
nightdress.  He was quite dead, and had been for some time, 
for his limbs were rigid and cold.  When we turned him over, 
the Boots recognized him at once as being the same gentleman 
who had engaged the room under the name of Joseph Stangerson.  
The cause of death was a deep stab in the left side, which 
must have penetrated the heart.  And now comes the strangest 
part of the affair.  What do you suppose was above the 
murdered man?"

I felt a creeping of the flesh, and a presentiment of coming 
horror, even before Sherlock Holmes answered.

"The word RACHE, written in letters of blood," he said.

"That was it," said Lestrade, in an awe-struck voice; 
and we were all silent for a while.

There was something so methodical and so incomprehensible 
about the deeds of this unknown assassin, that it imparted a 
fresh ghastliness to his crimes.  My nerves, which were steady 
enough on the field of battle tingled as I thought of it.

"The man was seen," continued Lestrade.  "A milk boy, passing 
on his way to the dairy, happened to walk down the lane which 
leads from the mews at the back of the hotel.  He noticed 
that a ladder, which usually lay there, was raised against 
one of the windows of the second floor, which was wide open.  
After passing, he looked back and saw a man descend the 
ladder.  He came down so quietly and openly that the boy 
imagined him to be some carpenter or joiner at work in the 
hotel.  He took no particular notice of him, beyond thinking 
in his own mind that it was early for him to be at work.  He 
has an impression that the man was tall, had a reddish face, 
and was dressed in a long, brownish coat.  He must have 
stayed in the room some little time after the murder, for we 
found blood-stained water in the basin, where he had washed 
his hands, and marks on the sheets where he had deliberately 
wiped his knife."

I glanced at Holmes on hearing the description of the murderer, 
which tallied so exactly with his own.  There was, however, 
no trace of exultation or satisfaction upon his face.

"Did you find nothing in the room which could furnish a clue 
to the murderer?" he asked.

"Nothing.  Stangerson had Drebber's purse in his pocket, 
but it seems that this was usual, as he did all the paying.  
There was eighty odd pounds in it, but nothing had been 
taken.  Whatever the motives of these extraordinary crimes, 
robbery is certainly not one of them.  There were no papers 
or memoranda in the murdered man's pocket, except a single 
telegram, dated from Cleveland about a month ago, and 
containing the words, `J. H. is in Europe.'  There was no 
name appended to this message."

"And there was nothing else?" Holmes asked.

"Nothing of any importance.  The man's novel, with which he 
had read himself to sleep was lying upon the bed, and his 
pipe was on a chair beside him.  There was a glass of water 
on the table, and on the window-sill a small chip ointment 
box containing a couple of pills."

Sherlock Holmes sprang from his chair with an exclamation 
of delight.

"The last link," he cried, exultantly.  "My case is complete."

The two detectives stared at him in amazement.

"I have now in my hands," my companion said, confidently, 
"all the threads which have formed such a tangle.  There are, 
of course, details to be filled in, but I am as certain of 
all the main facts, from the time that Drebber parted from 
Stangerson at the station, up to the discovery of the body of 
the latter, as if I had seen them with my own eyes.  I will 
give you a proof of my knowledge.  Could you lay your hand 
upon those pills?"

"I have them," said Lestrade, producing a small white box; 
"I took them and the purse and the telegram, intending to have 
them put in a place of safety at the Police Station.  It was 
the merest chance my taking these pills, for I am bound to 
say that I do not attach any importance to them."

"Give them here," said Holmes.  "Now, Doctor," turning to me, 
"are those ordinary pills?"

They certainly were not.  They were of a pearly grey colour, 
small, round, and almost transparent against the light.  
"From their lightness and transparency, I should imagine that 
they are soluble in water," I remarked.

"Precisely so," answered Holmes.  "Now would you mind going 
down and fetching that poor little devil of a terrier which 
has been bad so long, and which the landlady wanted you to 
put out of its pain yesterday."

I went downstairs and carried the dog upstair in my arms.  
It's laboured breathing and glazing eye showed that it was 
not far from its end.  Indeed, its snow-white muzzle 
proclaimed that it had already exceeded the usual term of 
canine existence.  I placed it upon a cushion on the rug.

"I will now cut one of these pills in two," said Holmes, 
and drawing his penknife he suited the action to the word.  
"One half we return into the box for future purposes.  
The other half I will place in this wine glass, in which 
is a teaspoonful of water.  You perceive that our friend, 
the Doctor, is right, and that it readily dissolves."

"This may be very interesting," said Lestrade, in the injured 
tone of one who suspects that he is being laughed at, 
"I cannot see, however, what it has to do with the death of 
Mr. Joseph Stangerson."

"Patience, my friend, patience!  You will find in time that 
it has everything to do with it.  I shall now add a little 
milk to make the mixture palatable, and on presenting it to 
the dog we find that he laps it up readily enough."

As he spoke he turned the contents of the wine glass into a 
saucer and placed it in front of the terrier, who speedily 
licked it dry.  Sherlock Holmes' earnest demeanour had so far 
convinced us that we all sat in silence, watching the animal 
intently, and expecting some startling effect.  None such 
appeared, however.  The dog continued to lie stretched upon 
tho {16} cushion, breathing in a laboured way, but apparently 
neither the better nor the worse for its draught.

Holmes had taken out his watch, and as minute followed minute 
without result, an expression of the utmost chagrin and 
disappointment appeared upon his features.  He gnawed his lip, 
drummed his fingers upon the table, and showed every 
other symptom of acute impatience.  So great was his emotion, 
that I felt sincerely sorry for him, while the two detectives 
smiled derisively, by no means displeased at this check which 
he had met.

"It can't be a coincidence," he cried, at last springing from 
his chair and pacing wildly up and down the room; "it is 
impossible that it should be a mere coincidence.  The very 
pills which I suspected in the case of Drebber are actually 
found after the death of Stangerson.  And yet they are inert.  
What can it mean?  Surely my whole chain of reasoning cannot 
have been false.  It is impossible!  And yet this wretched 
dog is none the worse.  Ah, I have it!  I have it!"  With a 
perfect shriek of delight he rushed to the box, cut the other 
pill in two, dissolved it, added milk, and presented it to 
the terrier.  The unfortunate creature's tongue seemed hardly 
to have been moistened in it before it gave a convulsive 
shiver in every limb, and lay as rigid and lifeless as if it 
had been struck by lightning.

Sherlock Holmes drew a long breath, and wiped the 
perspiration from his forehead.  "I should have more faith," 
he said; "I ought to know by this time that when a fact 
appears to be opposed to a long train of deductions, 
it invariably proves to be capable of bearing some other 
interpretation.  Of the two pills in that box one was of the 
most deadly poison, and the other was entirely harmless.  
I ought to have known that before ever I saw the box at all."

This last statement appeared to me to be so startling, 
that I could hardly believe that he was in his sober senses.  
There was the dead dog, however, to prove that his conjecture 
had been correct.  It seemed to me that the mists in my own 
mind were gradually clearing away, and I began to have a dim, 
vague perception of the truth.

"All this seems strange to you," continued Holmes, 
"because you failed at the beginning of the inquiry to grasp 
the importance of the single real clue which was presented 
to you.  I had the good fortune to seize upon that, and 
everything which has occurred since then has served to 
confirm my original supposition, and, indeed, was the logical 
sequence of it.  Hence things which have perplexed you and 
made the case more obscure, have served to enlighten me and 
to strengthen my conclusions.  It is a mistake to confound 
strangeness with mystery.  The most commonplace crime is 
often the most mysterious because it presents no new or 
special features from which deductions may be drawn.  
This murder would have been infinitely more difficult to 
unravel had the body of the victim been simply found lying 
in the roadway without any of those _outre_ {17} and sensational 
accompaniments which have rendered it remarkable.  These 
strange details, far from making the case more difficult, 
have really had the effect of making it less so."

Mr. Gregson, who had listened to this address with 
considerable impatience, could contain himself no longer.  
"Look here, Mr. Sherlock Holmes," he said, "we are all ready 
to acknowledge that you are a smart man, and that you have 
your own methods of working.  We want something more than 
mere theory and preaching now, though.  It is a case of 
taking the man.  I have made my case out, and it seems I was 
wrong.  Young Charpentier could not have been engaged in this 
second affair.  Lestrade went after his man, Stangerson, and 
it appears that he was wrong too.  You have thrown out hints 
here, and hints there, and seem to know more than we do, but 
the time has come when we feel that we have a right to ask 
you straight how much you do know of the business.  Can you 
name the man who did it?"

"I cannot help feeling that Gregson is right, sir," remarked 
Lestrade.  "We have both tried, and we have both failed.  
You have remarked more than once since I have been in the room 
that you had all the evidence which you require.  Surely you 
will not withhold it any longer."

"Any delay in arresting the assassin," I observed, 
"might give him time to perpetrate some fresh atrocity."

Thus pressed by us all, Holmes showed signs of irresolution.  
He continued to walk up and down the room with his head sunk 
on his chest and his brows drawn down, as was his habit when 
lost in thought.

"There will be no more murders," he said at last, stopping 
abruptly and facing us.  "You can put that consideration out 
of the question.  You have asked me if I know the name of the 
assassin.  I do.  The mere knowing of his name is a small 
thing, however, compared with the power of laying our hands 
upon him.  This I expect very shortly to do.  I have good 
hopes of managing it through my own arrangements; but it is a 
thing which needs delicate handling, for we have a shrewd and 
desperate man to deal with, who is supported, as I have had 
occasion to prove, by another who is as clever as himself.  
As long as this man has no idea that anyone can have a clue 
there is some chance of securing him; but if he had the 
slightest suspicion, he would change his name, and vanish in 
an instant among the four million inhabitants of this great 
city.  Without meaning to hurt either of your feelings, I am 
bound to say that I consider these men to be more than a 
match for the official force, and that is why I have not 
asked your assistance.  If I fail I shall, of course, incur 
all the blame due to this omission; but that I am prepared 
for.  At present I am ready to promise that the instant that 
I can communicate with you without endangering my own 
combinations, I shall do so."

Gregson and Lestrade seemed to be far from satisfied by this 
assurance, or by the depreciating allusion to the detective 
police.  The former had flushed up to the roots of his flaxen 
hair, while the other's beady eyes glistened with curiosity 
and resentment.  Neither of them had time to speak, however, 
before there was a tap at the door, and the spokesman of the 
street Arabs, young Wiggins, introduced his insignificant and 
unsavoury person.

"Please, sir," he said, touching his forelock, "I have the 
cab downstairs."

"Good boy," said Holmes, blandly.  "Why don't you introduce 
this pattern at Scotland Yard?" he continued, taking a pair 
of steel handcuffs from a drawer.  "See how beautifully the 
spring works.  They fasten in an instant."

"The old pattern is good enough," remarked Lestrade, 
"if we can only find the man to put them on."

"Very good, very good," said Holmes, smiling.  "The cabman may 
as well help me with my boxes.  Just ask him to step up, Wiggins."

I was surprised to find my companion speaking as though he 
were about to set out on a journey, since he had not said 
anything to me about it.  There was a small portmanteau in 
the room, and this he pulled out and began to strap.  He was 
busily engaged at it when the cabman entered the room.

"Just give me a help with this buckle, cabman," he said, 
kneeling over his task, and never turning his head.

The fellow came forward with a somewhat sullen, defiant air, 
and put down his hands to assist.  At that instant there was 
a sharp click, the jangling of metal, and Sherlock Holmes 
sprang to his feet again.

"Gentlemen," he cried, with flashing eyes, "let me introduce 
you to Mr. Jefferson Hope, the murderer of Enoch Drebber and 
of Joseph Stangerson."

The whole thing occurred in a moment -- so quickly that I had 
no time to realize it.  I have a vivid recollection of that 
instant, of Holmes' triumphant expression and the ring of his 
voice, of the cabman's dazed, savage face, as he glared at 
the glittering handcuffs, which had appeared as if by magic 
upon his wrists.  For a second or two we might have been a 
group of statues.  Then, with an inarticulate roar of fury, 
the prisoner wrenched himself free from Holmes's grasp, and 
hurled himself through the window.  Woodwork and glass gave 
way before him; but before he got quite through, Gregson, 
Lestrade, and Holmes sprang upon him like so many staghounds.  
He was dragged back into the room, and then commenced a 
terrific conflict.  So powerful and so fierce was he, that 
the four of us were shaken off again and again.  He appeared 
to have the convulsive strength of a man in an epileptic fit.  
His face and hands were terribly mangled by his passage 
through the glass, but loss of blood had no effect in 
diminishing his resistance.  It was not until Lestrade 
succeeded in getting his hand inside his neckcloth and 
half-strangling him that we made him realize that his struggles 
were of no avail; and even then we felt no security until we 
had pinioned his feet as well as his hands.  That done,
we rose to our feet breathless and panting.

"We have his cab," said Sherlock Holmes.  "It will serve 
to take him to Scotland Yard.  And now, gentlemen," 
he continued, with a pleasant smile, "we have reached 
the end of our little mystery.  You are very welcome to put 
any questions that you like to me now, and there is no danger 
that I will refuse to answer them."




PART II.

_The Country of the Saints._


CHAPTER I.

ON THE GREAT ALKALI PLAIN.


IN the central portion of the great North American Continent 
there lies an arid and repulsive desert, which for many a 
long year served as a barrier against the advance of 
civilisation.  From the Sierra Nevada to Nebraska, and from 
the Yellowstone River in the north to the Colorado upon the 
south, is a region of desolation and silence.  
Nor is Nature always in one mood throughout this grim district.  
It comprises snow-capped and lofty mountains, and dark and 
gloomy valleys.  There are swift-flowing rivers which dash 
through jagged canons; {18} and there are enormous plains, which 
in winter are white with snow, and in summer are grey with 
the saline alkali dust.  They all preserve, however, 
the common characteristics of barrenness, inhospitality, 
and misery.

There are no inhabitants of this land of despair.  A band of 
Pawnees or of Blackfeet may occasionally traverse it in order 
to reach other hunting-grounds, but the hardiest of the 
braves are glad to lose sight of those awesome plains, and to 
find themselves once more upon their prairies.  The coyote 
skulks among the scrub, the buzzard flaps heavily through the 
air, and the clumsy grizzly bear lumbers through the dark 
ravines, and picks up such sustenance as it can amongst the 
rocks.  These are the sole dwellers in the wilderness.

In the whole world there can be no more dreary view than that 
from the northern slope of the Sierra Blanco.  As far as the 
eye can reach stretches the great flat plain-land, all dusted 
over with patches of alkali, and intersected by clumps of the 
dwarfish chaparral bushes.  On the extreme verge of the 
horizon lie a long chain of mountain peaks, with their rugged 
summits flecked with snow.  In this great stretch of country 
there is no sign of life, nor of anything appertaining to 
life.  There is no bird in the steel-blue heaven, no movement 
upon the dull, grey earth -- above all, there is absolute 
silence.  Listen as one may, there is no shadow of a sound in 
all that mighty wilderness; nothing but silence -- complete 
and heart-subduing silence.

It has been said there is nothing appertaining to life upon 
the broad plain.  That is hardly true.  Looking down from the 
Sierra Blanco, one sees a pathway traced out across the 
desert, which winds away and is lost in the extreme distance.  
It is rutted with wheels and trodden down by the feet of many 
adventurers.  Here and there there are scattered white 
objects which glisten in the sun, and stand out against the 
dull deposit of alkali.  Approach, and examine them!  They 
are bones:  some large and coarse, others smaller and more 
delicate.  The former have belonged to oxen, and the latter 
to men.  For fifteen hundred miles one may trace this ghastly 
caravan route by these scattered remains of those who had 
fallen by the wayside.

Looking down on this very scene, there stood upon the fourth 
of May, eighteen hundred and forty-seven, a solitary 
traveller.  His appearance was such that he might have been 
the very genius or demon of the region.  An observer would 
have found it difficult to say whether he was nearer to forty 
or to sixty.  His face was lean and haggard, and the brown 
parchment-like skin was drawn tightly over the projecting 
bones; his long, brown hair and beard were all flecked and 
dashed with white; his eyes were sunken in his head, and 
burned with an unnatural lustre; while the hand which grasped 
his rifle was hardly more fleshy than that of a skeleton.  
As he stood, he leaned upon his weapon for support, and yet his 
tall figure and the massive framework of his bones suggested 
a wiry and vigorous constitution.  His gaunt face, however, 
and his clothes, which hung so baggily over his shrivelled 
limbs, proclaimed what it was that gave him that senile and 
decrepit appearance.  The man was dying -- dying from hunger 
and from thirst.

He had toiled painfully down the ravine, and on to this 
little elevation, in the vain hope of seeing some signs of 
water.  Now the great salt plain stretched before his eyes, 
and the distant belt of savage mountains, without a sign 
anywhere of plant or tree, which might indicate the presence 
of moisture.  In all that broad landscape there was no gleam 
of hope.  North, and east, and west he looked with wild 
questioning eyes, and then he realised that his wanderings 
had come to an end, and that there, on that barren crag, 
he was about to die.  "Why not here, as well as in a feather 
bed, twenty years hence," he muttered, as he seated himself 
in the shelter of a boulder.

Before sitting down, he had deposited upon the ground his 
useless rifle, and also a large bundle tied up in a grey 
shawl, which he had carried slung over his right shoulder.  
It appeared to be somewhat too heavy for his strength, for 
in lowering it, it came down on the ground with some little 
violence.  Instantly there broke from the grey parcel a 
little moaning cry, and from it there protruded a small, 
scared face, with very bright brown eyes, and two little 
speckled, dimpled fists.

"You've hurt me!" said a childish voice reproachfully.

"Have I though," the man answered penitently, "I didn't go 
for to do it."  As he spoke he unwrapped the grey shawl and 
extricated a pretty little girl of about five years of age, 
whose dainty shoes and smart pink frock with its little linen 
apron all bespoke a mother's care.  The child was pale and 
wan, but her healthy arms and legs showed that she had 
suffered less than her companion.

"How is it now?" he answered anxiously, for she was still rubbing 
the towsy golden curls which covered the back of her head.

"Kiss it and make it well," she said, with perfect gravity, 
shoving {19} the injured part up to him.  "That's what mother 
used to do.  Where's mother?"

"Mother's gone.  I guess you'll see her before long."

"Gone, eh!" said the little girl.  "Funny, she didn't say 
good-bye; she 'most always did if she was just goin' over 
to Auntie's for tea, and now she's been away three days.  
Say, it's awful dry, ain't it?  Ain't there no water, 
nor nothing to eat?"

"No, there ain't nothing, dearie.  You'll just need to be 
patient awhile, and then you'll be all right.  Put your head 
up agin me like that, and then you'll feel bullier.  It ain't 
easy to talk when your lips is like leather, but I guess I'd 
best let you know how the cards lie.  What's that you've got?"

"Pretty things! fine things!" cried the little girl 
enthusiastically, holding up two glittering fragments of mica.  
"When we goes back to home I'll give them to brother Bob."

"You'll see prettier things than them soon," said the man 
confidently.  "You just wait a bit.  I was going to tell you 
though -- you remember when we left the river?"

"Oh, yes."

"Well, we reckoned we'd strike another river soon, d'ye see.  
But there was somethin' wrong; compasses, or map, or somethin', 
and it didn't turn up.  Water ran out.  Just except a little 
drop for the likes of you and -- and ----"

"And you couldn't wash yourself," interrupted his companion 
gravely, staring up at his grimy visage.

"No, nor drink.  And Mr. Bender, he was the fust to go, 
and then Indian Pete, and then Mrs. McGregor, and then 
Johnny Hones, and then, dearie, your mother."

"Then mother's a deader too," cried the little girl dropping 
her face in her pinafore and sobbing bitterly.

"Yes, they all went except you and me.  Then I thought there 
was some chance of water in this direction, so I heaved you 
over my shoulder and we tramped it together.  It don't seem 
as though we've improved matters.  There's an almighty small 
chance for us now!"

"Do you mean that we are going to die too?" asked the child, 
checking her sobs, and raising her tear-stained face.

"I guess that's about the size of it."

"Why didn't you say so before?" she said, laughing gleefully.  
"You gave me such a fright.  Why, of course, now as long as 
we die we'll be with mother again."

"Yes, you will, dearie."

"And you too.  I'll tell her how awful good you've been.  
I'll bet she meets us at the door of Heaven with a big 
pitcher of water, and a lot of buckwheat cakes, hot, 
and toasted on both sides, like Bob and me was fond of.  
How long will it be first?"

"I don't know -- not very long."  The man's eyes were fixed 
upon the northern horizon.  In the blue vault of the heaven 
there had appeared three little specks which increased in 
size every moment, so rapidly did they approach.  They 
speedily resolved themselves into three large brown birds, 
which circled over the heads of the two wanderers, and then 
settled upon some rocks which overlooked them.  They were 
buzzards, the vultures of the west, whose coming is the 
forerunner of death.

"Cocks and hens," cried the little girl gleefully, pointing 
at their ill-omened forms, and clapping her hands to make 
them rise.  "Say, did God make this country?"

"In course He did," said her companion, rather startled by 
this unexpected question.

"He made the country down in Illinois, and He made the Missouri," 
the little girl continued.  "I guess somebody else made the 
country in these parts.  It's not nearly so well done.  
They forgot the water and the trees."

"What would ye think of offering up prayer?" the man asked 
diffidently.

"It ain't night yet," she answered.

"It don't matter.  It ain't quite regular, but He won't mind 
that, you bet.  You say over them ones that you used to say 
every night in the waggon when we was on the Plains."

"Why don't you say some yourself?" the child asked, 
with wondering eyes.

"I disremember them," he answered.  "I hain't said none since 
I was half the height o' that gun.  I guess it's never too late.  
You say them out, and I'll stand by and come in on the choruses."

"Then you'll need to kneel down, and me too," she said, 
laying the shawl out for that purpose.  "You've got to put 
your hands up like this.  It makes you feel kind o' good."

It was a strange sight had there been anything but the 
buzzards to see it.  Side by side on the narrow shawl knelt 
the two wanderers, the little prattling child and the 
reckless, hardened adventurer.  Her chubby face, and his 
haggard, angular visage were both turned up to the cloudless 
heaven in heartfelt entreaty to that dread being with whom 
they were face to face, while the two voices -- the one thin 
and clear, the other deep and harsh -- united in the entreaty 
for mercy and forgiveness.  The prayer finished, they resumed 
their seat in the shadow of the boulder until the child fell 
asleep, nestling upon the broad breast of her protector.  
He watched over her slumber for some time, but Nature proved 
to be too strong for him.  For three days and three nights 
he had allowed himself neither rest nor repose.  Slowly the 
eyelids drooped over the tired eyes, and the head sunk lower 
and lower upon the breast, until the man's grizzled beard was 
mixed with the gold tresses of his companion, and both slept 
the same deep and dreamless slumber.

Had the wanderer remained awake for another half hour a 
strange sight would have met his eyes.  Far away on the 
extreme verge of the alkali plain there rose up a little 
spray of dust, very slight at first, and hardly to be 
distinguished from the mists of the distance, but gradually 
growing higher and broader until it formed a solid, 
well-defined cloud.  This cloud continued to increase in size 
until it became evident that it could only be raised by a 
great multitude of moving creatures.  In more fertile spots 
the observer would have come to the conclusion that one of 
those great herds of bisons which graze upon the prairie land 
was approaching him.  This was obviously impossible in these 
arid wilds.  As the whirl of dust drew nearer to the solitary 
bluff upon which the two castaways were reposing, the 
canvas-covered tilts of waggons and the figures of armed 
horsemen began to show up through the haze, and the apparition 
revealed itself as being a great caravan upon its journey for 
the West.  But what a caravan!  When the head of it had 
reached the base of the mountains, the rear was not yet 
visible on the horizon.  Right across the enormous plain 
stretched the straggling array, waggons and carts, men on 
horseback, and men on foot.  Innumerable women who staggered 
along under burdens, and children who toddled beside the 
waggons or peeped out from under the white coverings.  
This was evidently no ordinary party of immigrants, but rather 
some nomad people who had been compelled from stress of 
circumstances to seek themselves a new country.  There rose 
through the clear air a confused clattering and rumbling from 
this great mass of humanity, with the creaking of wheels and 
the neighing of horses.  Loud as it was, it was not 
sufficient to rouse the two tired wayfarers above them.

At the head of the column there rode a score or more of grave 
ironfaced men, clad in sombre homespun garments and armed 
with rifles.  On reaching the base of the bluff they halted, 
and held a short council among themselves.

"The wells are to the right, my brothers," said one, 
a hard-lipped, clean-shaven man with grizzly hair.

"To the right of the Sierra Blanco -- so we shall reach the 
Rio Grande," said another.

"Fear not for water," cried a third.  "He who could draw it 
from the rocks will not now abandon His own chosen people."

"Amen!  Amen!" responded the whole party.

They were about to resume their journey when one of the 
youngest and keenest-eyed uttered an exclamation and pointed 
up at the rugged crag above them.  From its summit there 
fluttered a little wisp of pink, showing up hard and bright 
against the grey rocks behind.  At the sight there was a 
general reining up of horses and unslinging of guns, while 
fresh horsemen came galloping up to reinforce the vanguard.  
The word `Redskins' was on every lip.

"There can't be any number of Injuns here," said the elderly 
man who appeared to be in command.  "We have passed the Pawnees, 
and there are no other tribes until we cross the great mountains."

"Shall I go forward and see, Brother Stangerson," 
asked one of the band.

"And I," "and I," cried a dozen voices.

"Leave your horses below and we will await you here," 
the Elder answered.  In a moment the young fellows had 
dismounted, fastened their horses, and were ascending the 
precipitous slope which led up to the object which had 
excited their curiosity.  They advanced rapidly and 
noiselessly, with the confidence and dexterity of practised 
scouts.  The watchers from the plain below could see them 
flit from rock to rock until their figures stood out against 
the skyline.  The young man who had first given the alarm was 
leading them.  Suddenly his followers saw him throw up his 
hands, as though overcome with astonishment, and on joining 
him they were affected in the same way by the sight which met 
their eyes.

On the little plateau which crowned the barren hill there 
stood a single giant boulder, and against this boulder there 
lay a tall man, long-bearded and hard-featured, but of an 
excessive thinness.  His placid face and regular breathing 
showed that he was fast asleep.  Beside him lay a little 
child, with her round white arms encircling his brown sinewy 
neck, and her golden haired head resting upon the breast of 
his velveteen tunic.  Her rosy lips were parted, showing the 
regular line of snow-white teeth within, and a playful smile 
played over her infantile features.  Her plump little white 
legs terminating in white socks and neat shoes with shining 
buckles, offered a strange contrast to the long shrivelled 
members of her companion.  On the ledge of rock above this 
strange couple there stood three solemn buzzards, who, 
at the sight of the new comers uttered raucous screams 
of disappointment and flapped sullenly away.

The cries of the foul birds awoke the two sleepers who stared 
about {20} them in bewilderment.  The man staggered to his feet 
and looked down upon the plain which had been so desolate 
when sleep had overtaken him, and which was now traversed by 
this enormous body of men and of beasts.  His face assumed an 
expression of incredulity as he gazed, and he passed his 
boney hand over his eyes.  "This is what they call delirium, 
I guess," he muttered.  The child stood beside him, holding 
on to the skirt of his coat, and said nothing but looked all 
round her with the wondering questioning gaze of childhood.

The rescuing party were speedily able to convince the two 
castaways that their appearance was no delusion.  One of them 
seized the little girl, and hoisted her upon his shoulder, 
while two others supported her gaunt companion, and assisted 
him towards the waggons.

"My name is John Ferrier," the wanderer explained; "me and 
that little un are all that's left o' twenty-one people.  
The rest is all dead o' thirst and hunger away down in the south."

"Is she your child?" asked someone.

"I guess she is now," the other cried, defiantly; 
"she's mine 'cause I saved her.  No man will take her from me.  
She's Lucy Ferrier from this day on.  Who are you, though?" 
he continued, glancing with curiosity at his stalwart, 
sunburned rescuers; "there seems to be a powerful lot of ye."

"Nigh upon ten thousand," said one of the young men; 
"we are the persecuted children of God -- the chosen 
of the Angel Merona."

"I never heard tell on him," said the wanderer.  
"He appears to have chosen a fair crowd of ye."

"Do not jest at that which is sacred," said the other 
sternly.  "We are of those who believe in those sacred 
writings, drawn in Egyptian letters on plates of beaten gold, 
which were handed unto the holy Joseph Smith at Palmyra.  
We have come from Nauvoo, in the State of Illinois, where 
we had founded our temple.  We have come to seek a refuge 
from the violent man and from the godless, even though it 
be the heart of the desert."

The name of Nauvoo evidently recalled recollections to John 
Ferrier.  "I see," he said, "you are the Mormons."

"We are the Mormons," answered his companions with one voice.

"And where are you going?"

"We do not know.  The hand of God is leading us under 
the person of our Prophet.  You must come before him.  
He shall say what is to be done with you."

They had reached the base of the hill by this time, and were 
surrounded by crowds of the pilgrims -- pale-faced meek-looking 
women, strong laughing children, and anxious earnest-eyed men.  
Many were the cries of astonishment and of commiseration which 
arose from them when they perceived the youth of one of the 
strangers and the destitution of the other.  Their escort did 
not halt, however, but pushed on, followed by a great crowd 
of Mormons, until they reached a waggon, which was conspicuous 
for its great size and for the gaudiness and smartness of its 
appearance.  Six horses were yoked to it, whereas the others 
were furnished with two, or, at most, four a-piece.  
Beside the driver there sat a man who could not have been more 
than thirty years of age, but whose massive head and resolute 
expression marked him as a leader.  He was reading a brown-backed 
volume, but as the crowd approached he laid it aside, 
and listened attentively to an account of the episode.  
Then he turned to the two castaways.

"If we take you with us," he said, in solemn words, "it can 
only be as believers in our own creed.  We shall have no 
wolves in our fold.  Better far that your bones should bleach 
in this wilderness than that you should prove to be that 
little speck of decay which in time corrupts the whole fruit.  
Will you come with us on these terms?"

"Guess I'll come with you on any terms," said Ferrier, 
with such emphasis that the grave Elders could not restrain 
a smile.  The leader alone retained his stern, impressive 
expression.

"Take him, Brother Stangerson," he said, "give him food and 
drink, and the child likewise.  Let it be your task also to 
teach him our holy creed.  We have delayed long enough.  
Forward!  On, on to Zion!"

"On, on to Zion!" cried the crowd of Mormons, and the words 
rippled down the long caravan, passing from mouth to mouth 
until they died away in a dull murmur in the far distance.  
With a cracking of whips and a creaking of wheels the great 
waggons got into motion, and soon the whole caravan was 
winding along once more.  The Elder to whose care the two 
waifs had been committed, led them to his waggon, where a 
meal was already awaiting them.

"You shall remain here," he said.  "In a few days you will 
have recovered from your fatigues.  In the meantime, remember 
that now and for ever you are of our religion.  Brigham Young 
has said it, and he has spoken with the voice of Joseph 
Smith, which is the voice of God."



CHAPTER II.

THE FLOWER OF UTAH.


THIS is not the place to commemorate the trials and 
privations endured by the immigrant Mormons before they came 
to their final haven.  From the shores of the Mississippi to 
the western slopes of the Rocky Mountains they had struggled 
on with a constancy almost unparalleled in history.  The 
savage man, and the savage beast, hunger, thirst, fatigue, 
and disease -- every impediment which Nature could place in 
the way, had all been overcome with Anglo-Saxon tenacity.  
Yet the long journey and the accumulated terrors had shaken 
the hearts of the stoutest among them.  There was not one who 
did not sink upon his knees in heartfelt prayer when they saw 
the broad valley of Utah bathed in the sunlight beneath them, 
and learned from the lips of their leader that this was the 
promised land, and that these virgin acres were to be theirs 
for evermore.

Young speedily proved himself to be a skilful administrator 
as well as a resolute chief.  Maps were drawn and charts 
prepared, in which the future city was sketched out.  All 
around farms were apportioned and allotted in proportion to 
the standing of each individual.  The tradesman was put to 
his trade and the artisan to his calling.  In the town 
streets and squares sprang up, as if by magic.  In the 
country there was draining and hedging, planting and 
clearing, until the next summer saw the whole country golden 
with the wheat crop.  Everything prospered in the strange 
settlement.  Above all, the great temple which they had 
erected in the centre of the city grew ever taller and 
larger.  From the first blush of dawn until the closing of 
the twilight, the clatter of the hammer and the rasp of the 
saw was never absent from the monument which the immigrants 
erected to Him who had led them safe through many dangers.

The two castaways, John Ferrier and the little girl who had 
shared his fortunes and had been adopted as his daughter, 
accompanied the Mormons to the end of their great pilgrimage.  
Little Lucy Ferrier was borne along pleasantly enough in 
Elder Stangerson's waggon, a retreat which she shared with 
the Mormon's three wives and with his son, a headstrong 
forward boy of twelve.  Having rallied, with the elasticity 
of childhood, from the shock caused by her mother's death, 
she soon became a pet with the women, and reconciled herself 
to this new life in her moving canvas-covered home.  In the 
meantime Ferrier having recovered from his privations, 
distinguished himself as a useful guide and an indefatigable 
hunter.  So rapidly did he gain the esteem of his new 
companions, that when they reached the end of their wanderings, 
it was unanimously agreed that he should be provided with as 
large and as fertile a tract of land as any of the settlers, 
with the exception of Young himself, and of Stangerson, Kemball, 
Johnston, and Drebber, who were the four principal Elders.

On the farm thus acquired John Ferrier built himself a 
substantial log-house, which received so many additions in 
succeeding years that it grew into a roomy villa.  He was a 
man of a practical turn of mind, keen in his dealings and 
skilful with his hands.  His iron constitution enabled him to 
work morning and evening at improving and tilling his lands.  
Hence it came about that his farm and all that belonged to 
him prospered exceedingly.  In three years he was better off 
than his neighbours, in six he was well-to-do, in nine he was 
rich, and in twelve there were not half a dozen men in the 
whole of Salt Lake City who could compare with him.  From the 
great inland sea to the distant Wahsatch Mountains there was 
no name better known than that of John Ferrier.

There was one way and only one in which he offended the 
susceptibilities of his co-religionists.  No argument or 
persuasion could ever induce him to set up a female 
establishment after the manner of his companions.  He never 
gave reasons for this persistent refusal, but contented 
himself by resolutely and inflexibly adhering to his 
determination.  There were some who accused him of 
lukewarmness in his adopted religion, and others who put it 
down to greed of wealth and reluctance to incur expense.  
Others, again, spoke of some early love affair, and of a 
fair-haired girl who had pined away on the shores of the 
Atlantic.  Whatever the reason, Ferrier remained strictly 
celibate.  In every other respect he conformed to the 
religion of the young settlement, and gained the name of 
being an orthodox and straight-walking man.

Lucy Ferrier grew up within the log-house, and assisted her 
adopted father in all his undertakings.  The keen air of the 
mountains and the balsamic odour of the pine trees took the 
place of nurse and mother to the young girl.  As year 
succeeded to year she grew taller and stronger, her cheek 
more rudy, and her step more elastic.  Many a wayfarer upon 
the high road which ran by Ferrier's farm felt long-forgotten 
thoughts revive in their mind as they watched her lithe 
girlish figure tripping through the wheatfields, or met her 
mounted upon her father's mustang, and managing it with all 
the ease and grace of a true child of the West.  So the bud 
blossomed into a flower, and the year which saw her father 
the richest of the farmers left her as fair a specimen of 
American girlhood as could be found in the whole Pacific slope.

It was not the father, however, who first discovered that the 
child had developed into the woman.  It seldom is in such 
cases.  That mysterious change is too subtle and too gradual 
to be measured by dates.  Least of all does the maiden 
herself know it until the tone of a voice or the touch of a 
hand sets her heart thrilling within her, and she learns, 
with a mixture of pride and of fear, that a new and a larger 
nature has awoken within her.  There are few who cannot 
recall that day and remember the one little incident which 
heralded the dawn of a new life.  In the case of Lucy Ferrier 
the occasion was serious enough in itself, apart from its 
future influence on her destiny and that of many besides.

It was a warm June morning, and the Latter Day Saints were 
as busy as the bees whose hive they have chosen for their 
emblem.  In the fields and in the streets rose the same hum 
of human industry.  Down the dusty high roads defiled long 
streams of heavily-laden mules, all heading to the west, for 
the gold fever had broken out in California, and the Overland 
Route lay through the City of the Elect.  There, too, were 
droves of sheep and bullocks coming in from the outlying 
pasture lands, and trains of tired immigrants, men and horses 
equally weary of their interminable journey.  Through all 
this motley assemblage, threading her way with the skill of 
an accomplished rider, there galloped Lucy Ferrier, her fair 
face flushed with the exercise and her long chestnut hair 
floating out behind her.  She had a commission from her 
father in the City, and was dashing in as she had done many 
a time before, with all the fearlessness of youth, thinking 
only of her task and how it was to be performed.  
The travel-stained adventurers gazed after her in astonishment, 
and even the unemotional Indians, journeying in with their 
pelties, relaxed their accustomed stoicism as they marvelled 
at the beauty of the pale-faced maiden.

She had reached the outskirts of the city when she found the 
road blocked by a great drove of cattle, driven by a half-dozen 
wild-looking herdsmen from the plains.  In her 
impatience she endeavoured to pass this obstacle by pushing 
her horse into what appeared to be a gap.  Scarcely had she 
got fairly into it, however, before the beasts closed in 
behind her, and she found herself completely imbedded in the 
moving stream of fierce-eyed, long-horned bullocks.  
Accustomed as she was to deal with cattle, she was not 
alarmed at her situation, but took advantage of every 
opportunity to urge her horse on in the hopes of pushing her 
way through the cavalcade.  Unfortunately the horns of one of 
the creatures, either by accident or design, came in violent 
contact with the flank of the mustang, and excited it to 
madness.  In an instant it reared up upon its hind legs with 
a snort of rage, and pranced and tossed in a way that would 
have unseated any but a most skilful rider.  The situation 
was full of peril.  Every plunge of the excited horse brought 
it against the horns again, and goaded it to fresh madness.  
It was all that the girl could do to keep herself in the 
saddle, yet a slip would mean a terrible death under the 
hoofs of the unwieldy and terrified animals.  Unaccustomed to 
sudden emergencies, her head began to swim, and her grip upon 
the bridle to relax.  Choked by the rising cloud of dust and 
by the steam from the struggling creatures, she might have 
abandoned her efforts in despair, but for a kindly voice at 
her elbow which assured her of assistance.  At the same 
moment a sinewy brown hand caught the frightened horse by the 
curb, and forcing a way through the drove, soon brought her 
to the outskirts.

"You're not hurt, I hope, miss," said her preserver, respectfully.

She looked up at his dark, fierce face, and laughed saucily.  
"I'm awful frightened," she said, naively; "whoever would 
have thought that Poncho would have been so scared by a lot 
of cows?"

"Thank God you kept your seat," the other said earnestly.  
He was a tall, savage-looking young fellow, mounted on a 
powerful roan horse, and clad in the rough dress of a hunter, 
with a long rifle slung over his shoulders.  "I guess you are 
the daughter of John Ferrier," he remarked, "I saw you ride 
down from his house.  When you see him, ask him if he remembers 
the Jefferson Hopes of St. Louis.  If he's the same Ferrier, 
my father and he were pretty thick."

"Hadn't you better come and ask yourself?" she asked, demurely.

The young fellow seemed pleased at the suggestion, and his dark 
eyes sparkled with pleasure.  "I'll do so," he said, "we've been 
in the mountains for two months, and are not over and above in 
visiting condition.  He must take us as he finds us."

"He has a good deal to thank you for, and so have I," she answered, 
"he's awful fond of me.  If those cows had jumped on me he'd have 
never got over it."

"Neither would I," said her companion.

"You!  Well, I don't see that it would make much matter 
to you, anyhow.  You ain't even a friend of ours."

The young hunter's dark face grew so gloomy over this remark 
that Lucy Ferrier laughed aloud.

"There, I didn't mean that," she said; "of course, you are a 
friend now.  You must come and see us.  Now I must push along, 
or father won't trust me with his business any more.  Good-bye!"

"Good-bye," he answered, raising his broad sombrero, and 
bending over her little hand.  She wheeled her mustang round, 
gave it a cut with her riding-whip, and darted away down the 
broad road in a rolling cloud of dust.

Young Jefferson Hope rode on with his companions, gloomy and 
taciturn.  He and they had been among the Nevada Mountains 
prospecting for silver, and were returning to Salt Lake City 
in the hope of raising capital enough to work some lodes 
which they had discovered.  He had been as keen as any of 
them upon the business until this sudden incident had drawn 
his thoughts into another channel.  The sight of the fair 
young girl, as frank and wholesome as the Sierra breezes, 
had stirred his volcanic, untamed heart to its very depths.  
When she had vanished from his sight, he realized that a crisis 
had come in his life, and that neither silver speculations 
nor any other questions could ever be of such importance to 
him as this new and all-absorbing one.  The love which had 
sprung up in his heart was not the sudden, changeable fancy 
of a boy, but rather the wild, fierce passion of a man of 
strong will and imperious temper.  He had been accustomed 
to succeed in all that he undertook.  He swore in his heart 
that he would not fail in this if human effort and human 
perseverance could render him successful.

He called on John Ferrier that night, and many times again, 
until his face was a familiar one at the farm-house.  
John, cooped up in the valley, and absorbed in his work, 
had had little chance of learning the news of the outside world 
during the last twelve years.  All this Jefferson Hope was 
able to tell him, and in a style which interested Lucy as 
well as her father.  He had been a pioneer in California, 
and could narrate many a strange tale of fortunes made and 
fortunes lost in those wild, halcyon days.  He had been a 
scout too, and a trapper, a silver explorer, and a ranchman.  
Wherever stirring adventures were to be had, Jefferson Hope 
had been there in search of them.  He soon became a favourite 
with the old farmer, who spoke eloquently of his virtues.  
On such occasions, Lucy was silent, but her blushing cheek 
and her bright, happy eyes, showed only too clearly that her 
young heart was no longer her own.  Her honest father may not 
have observed these symptoms, but they were assuredly not 
thrown away upon the man who had won her affections.

It was a summer evening when he came galloping down the road 
and pulled up at the gate.  She was at the doorway, and came 
down to meet him.  He threw the bridle over the fence and 
strode up the pathway.

"I am off, Lucy," he said, taking her two hands in his, 
and gazing tenderly down into her face; "I won't ask you 
to come with me now, but will you be ready to come when 
I am here again?"

"And when will that be?" she asked, blushing and laughing.

"A couple of months at the outside.  I will come and claim 
you then, my darling.  There's no one who can stand between us."

"And how about father?" she asked.

"He has given his consent, provided we get these mines 
working all right.   I have no fear on that head."

"Oh, well; of course, if you and father have arranged it all, 
there's no more to be said," she whispered, with her cheek 
against his broad breast.

"Thank God!" he said, hoarsely, stooping and kissing her.  
"It is settled, then.  The longer I stay, the harder it will 
be to go.  They are waiting for me at the canon.  Good-bye, 
my own darling -- good-bye.  In two months you shall see me."

He tore himself from her as he spoke, and, flinging himself 
upon his horse, galloped furiously away, never even looking 
round, as though afraid that his resolution might fail him if 
he took one glance at what he was leaving.  She stood at the 
gate, gazing after him until he vanished from her sight.  Then 
she walked back into the house, the happiest girl in all Utah.



CHAPTER III.

JOHN FERRIER TALKS WITH THE PROPHET.


THREE weeks had passed since Jefferson Hope and his comrades 
had departed from Salt Lake City.  John Ferrier's heart was 
sore within him when he thought of the young man's return, 
and of the impending loss of his adopted child.  Yet her 
bright and happy face reconciled him to the arrangement more 
than any argument could have done.  He had always determined, 
deep down in his resolute heart, that nothing would ever 
induce him to allow his daughter to wed a Mormon.  Such a 
marriage he regarded as no marriage at all, but as a shame 
and a disgrace.  Whatever he might think of the Mormon 
doctrines, upon that one point he was inflexible.  He had to 
seal his mouth on the subject, however, for to express an 
unorthodox opinion was a dangerous matter in those days in 
the Land of the Saints.

Yes, a dangerous matter -- so dangerous that even the most 
saintly dared only whisper their religious opinions with 
bated breath, lest something which fell from their lips might 
be misconstrued, and bring down a swift retribution upon 
them.  The victims of persecution had now turned persecutors 
on their own account, and persecutors of the most terrible 
description.  Not the Inquisition of Seville, nor the German 
Vehm-gericht, nor the Secret Societies of Italy, were ever 
able to put a more formidable machinery in motion than that 
which cast a cloud over the State of Utah.

Its invisibility, and the mystery which was attached to it, 
made this organization doubly terrible.  It appeared to be 
omniscient and omnipotent, and yet was neither seen nor 
heard.  The man who held out against the Church vanished 
away, and none knew whither he had gone or what had befallen 
him.  His wife and his children awaited him at home, but no 
father ever returned to tell them how he had fared at the 
hands of his secret judges.  A rash word or a hasty act was 
followed by annihilation, and yet none knew what the nature 
might be of this terrible power which was suspended over 
them.  No wonder that men went about in fear and trembling, 
and that even in the heart of the wilderness they dared not 
whisper the doubts which oppressed them.

At first this vague and terrible power was exercised only 
upon the recalcitrants who, having embraced the Mormon faith, 
wished afterwards to pervert or to abandon it.  Soon, 
however, it took a wider range.  The supply of adult women 
was running short, and polygamy without a female population 
on which to draw was a barren doctrine indeed.  Strange 
rumours began to be bandied about -- rumours of murdered 
immigrants and rifled camps in regions where Indians had 
never been seen.  Fresh women appeared in the harems of the 
Elders -- women who pined and wept, and bore upon their faces 
the traces of an unextinguishable horror.  Belated wanderers 
upon the mountains spoke of gangs of armed men, masked, 
stealthy, and noiseless, who flitted by them in the darkness.  
These tales and rumours took substance and shape, and were 
corroborated and re-corroborated, until they resolved 
themselves into a definite name.  To this day, in the lonely 
ranches of the West, the name of the Danite Band, or the 
Avenging Angels, is a sinister and an ill-omened one.

Fuller knowledge of the organization which produced such 
terrible results served to increase rather than to lessen the 
horror which it inspired in the minds of men.  None knew who 
belonged to this ruthless society.  The names of the 
participators in the deeds of blood and violence done under 
the name of religion were kept profoundly secret.  The very 
friend to whom you communicated your misgivings as to the 
Prophet and his mission, might be one of those who would come 
forth at night with fire and sword to exact a terrible 
reparation.  Hence every man feared his neighbour, and none 
spoke of the things which were nearest his heart.

One fine morning, John Ferrier was about to set out to his 
wheatfields, when he heard the click of the latch, and, 
looking through the window, saw a stout, sandy-haired, 
middle-aged man coming up the pathway.  His heart leapt to 
his mouth, for this was none other than the great Brigham 
Young himself.  Full of trepidation -- for he knew that such 
a visit boded him little good -- Ferrier ran to the door to 
greet the Mormon chief.  The latter, however, received his 
salutations coldly, and followed him with a stern face into 
the sitting-room.

"Brother Ferrier," he said, taking a seat, and eyeing the 
farmer keenly from under his light-coloured eyelashes, 
"the true believers have been good friends to you.  We picked 
you up when you were starving in the desert, we shared our 
food with you, led you safe to the Chosen Valley, gave you 
a goodly share of land, and allowed you to wax rich under our 
protection.  Is not this so?"

"It is so," answered John Ferrier.

"In return for all this we asked but one condition:  that was, 
that you should embrace the true faith, and conform in every 
way to its usages.  This you promised to do, and this, 
if common report says truly, you have neglected."

"And how have I neglected it?" asked Ferrier, throwing out 
his hands in expostulation.  "Have I not given to the common 
fund?  Have I not attended at the Temple?  Have I not ----?"

"Where are your wives?" asked Young, looking round him.  
"Call them in, that I may greet them."

"It is true that I have not married," Ferrier answered.  
"But women were few, and there were many who had better claims 
than I.  I was not a lonely man:  I had my daughter to attend 
to my wants."

"It is of that daughter that I would speak to you," said the 
leader of the Mormons.  "She has grown to be the flower of 
Utah, and has found favour in the eyes of many who are high 
in the land."

John Ferrier groaned internally.

"There are stories of her which I would fain disbelieve -- 
stories that she is sealed to some Gentile.  This must be the 
gossip of idle tongues.  What is the thirteenth rule in the 
code of the sainted Joseph Smith?  `Let every maiden of the 
true faith marry one of the elect; for if she wed a Gentile, 
she commits a grievous sin.'  This being so, it is impossible 
that you, who profess the holy creed, should suffer your 
daughter to violate it."

John Ferrier made no answer, but he played nervously with his 
riding-whip.

"Upon this one point your whole faith shall be tested -- so 
it has been decided in the Sacred Council of Four.  The girl 
is young, and we would not have her wed grey hairs, neither 
would we deprive her of all choice.  We Elders have many 
heifers, * but our children must also be provided.  Stangerson 
has a son, and Drebber has a son, and either of them would 
gladly welcome your daughter to their house.  Let her choose 
between them.  They are young and rich, and of the true faith.  
What say you to that?"

Ferrier remained silent for some little time with his brows knitted.

"You will give us time," he said at last.  "My daughter is 
very young -- she is scarce of an age to marry."

"She shall have a month to choose," said Young, rising from 
his seat.  "At the end of that time she shall give her answer."

He was passing through the door, when he turned, with flushed 
face and flashing eyes.  "It were better for you, John Ferrier," 
he thundered, "that you and she were now lying blanched 
skeletons upon the Sierra Blanco, than that you should 
put your weak wills against the orders of the Holy Four!"

With a threatening gesture of his hand, he turned from the door, 
and Ferrier heard his heavy step scrunching along the shingly path.

He was still sitting with his elbows upon his knees, 
considering how he should broach the matter to his daughter 
when a soft hand was laid upon his, and looking up, he saw 
her standing beside him.  One glance at her pale, frightened 
face showed him that she had heard what had passed.

"I could not help it," she said, in answer to his look.  
"His voice rang through the house.  Oh, father, father, 
what shall we do?"

"Don't you scare yourself," he answered, drawing her to him, 
and passing his broad, rough hand caressingly over her 
chestnut hair.  "We'll fix it up somehow or another.  
You don't find your fancy kind o' lessening for this chap, 
do you?"

A sob and a squeeze of his hand was her only answer.

"No; of course not.  I shouldn't care to hear you say you 
did.  He's a likely lad, and he's a Christian, which is more 
than these folk here, in spite o' all their praying and 
preaching.  There's a party starting for Nevada to-morrow, 
and I'll manage to send him a message letting him know the 
hole we are in.  If I know anything o' that young man, he'll 
be back here with a speed that would whip electro-telegraphs."

Lucy laughed through her tears at her father's description.

"When he comes, he will advise us for the best.  But it is 
for you that I am frightened, dear.  One hears -- one hears 
such dreadful stories about those who oppose the Prophet: 
something terrible always happens to them."

"But we haven't opposed him yet," her father answered.  
"It will be time to look out for squalls when we do.  
We have a clear month before us; at the end of that, 
I guess we had best shin out of Utah."

"Leave Utah!"

"That's about the size of it."

"But the farm?"

"We will raise as much as we can in money, and let the rest go.  
To tell the truth, Lucy, it isn't the first time I have 
thought of doing it.  I don't care about knuckling under to 
any man, as these folk do to their darned prophet.  I'm a 
free-born American, and it's all new to me.  Guess I'm too 
old to learn.  If he comes browsing about this farm, he might 
chance to run up against a charge of buckshot travelling in 
the opposite direction."

"But they won't let us leave," his daughter objected.

"Wait till Jefferson comes, and we'll soon manage that.  
In the meantime, don't you fret yourself, my dearie, 
and don't get your eyes swelled up, else he'll be walking into 
me when he sees you.  There's nothing to be afeared about, 
and there's no danger at all."

John Ferrier uttered these consoling remarks in a very 
confident tone, but she could not help observing that he paid 
unusual care to the fastening of the doors that night, and 
that he carefully cleaned and loaded the rusty old shotgun 
which hung upon the wall of his bedroom.



CHAPTER IV.

A FLIGHT FOR LIFE.


ON the morning which followed his interview with the Mormon 
Prophet, John Ferrier went in to Salt Lake City, and having 
found his acquaintance, who was bound for the Nevada 
Mountains, he entrusted him with his message to Jefferson 
Hope.  In it he told the young man of the imminent danger 
which threatened them, and how necessary it was that he 
should return.  Having done thus he felt easier in his mind, 
and returned home with a lighter heart.

As he approached his farm, he was surprised to see a horse 
hitched to each of the posts of the gate.  Still more 
surprised was he on entering to find two young men in 
possession of his sitting-room.  One, with a long pale face, 
was leaning back in the rocking-chair, with his feet cocked 
up upon the stove.  The other, a bull-necked youth with 
coarse bloated features, was standing in front of the window 
with his hands in his pocket, whistling a popular hymn.  
Both of them nodded to Ferrier as he entered, and the one 
in the rocking-chair commenced the conversation.

"Maybe you don't know us," he said.  "This here is the son of 
Elder Drebber, and I'm Joseph Stangerson, who travelled with 
you in the desert when the Lord stretched out His hand and 
gathered you into the true fold."

"As He will all the nations in His own good time," said the 
other in a nasal voice; "He grindeth slowly but exceeding small."

John Ferrier bowed coldly.  He had guessed who his visitors were.

"We have come," continued Stangerson, "at the advice of our 
fathers to solicit the hand of your daughter for whichever of 
us may seem good to you and to her.  As I have but four wives 
and Brother Drebber here has seven, it appears to me that my 
claim is the stronger one."

"Nay, nay, Brother Stangerson," cried the other; "the question 
is not how many wives we have, but how many we can keep.  
My father has now given over his mills to me, and I am the 
richer man."

"But my prospects are better," said the other, warmly.  
"When the Lord removes my father, I shall have his tanning yard 
and his leather factory.  Then I am your elder, and am higher 
in the Church."

"It will be for the maiden to decide," rejoined young Drebber, 
smirking at his own reflection in the glass.  "We will leave 
it all to her decision."

During this dialogue, John Ferrier had stood fuming in the 
doorway, hardly able to keep his riding-whip from the backs 
of his two visitors.

"Look here," he said at last, striding up to them, "when my 
daughter summons you, you can come, but until then I don't 
want to see your faces again."

The two young Mormons stared at him in amazement.  
In their eyes this competition between them for the maiden's 
hand was the highest of honours both to her and her father.

"There are two ways out of the room," cried Ferrier; "there is 
the door, and there is the window.  Which do you care to use?"

His brown face looked so savage, and his gaunt hands so 
threatening, that his visitors sprang to their feet and beat 
a hurried retreat.  The old farmer followed them to the door.

"Let me know when you have settled which it is to be," 
he said, sardonically.

"You shall smart for this!" Stangerson cried, white with rage.  
"You have defied the Prophet and the Council of Four.  
You shall rue it to the end of your days."

"The hand of the Lord shall be heavy upon you," cried young 
Drebber; "He will arise and smite you!"

"Then I'll start the smiting," exclaimed Ferrier furiously, 
and would have rushed upstairs for his gun had not Lucy 
seized him by the arm and restrained him.  Before he could 
escape from her, the clatter of horses' hoofs told him that 
they were beyond his reach.

"The young canting rascals!" he exclaimed, wiping the 
perspiration from his forehead; "I would sooner see you in 
your grave, my girl, than the wife of either of them."

"And so should I, father," she answered, with spirit; 
"but Jefferson will soon be here."

"Yes.  It will not be long before he comes.  The sooner the 
better, for we do not know what their next move may be."

It was, indeed, high time that someone capable of giving 
advice and help should come to the aid of the sturdy old 
farmer and his adopted daughter.  In the whole history of the 
settlement there had never been such a case of rank 
disobedience to the authority of the Elders.  If minor errors 
were punished so sternly, what would be the fate of this arch 
rebel.  Ferrier knew that his wealth and position would be of 
no avail to him.  Others as well known and as rich as himself 
had been spirited away before now, and their goods given over 
to the Church.  He was a brave man, but he trembled at the 
vague, shadowy terrors which hung over him.  Any known danger 
he could face with a firm lip, but this suspense was 
unnerving.  He concealed his fears from his daughter, 
however, and affected to make light of the whole matter, 
though she, with the keen eye of love, saw plainly that he 
was ill at ease.

He expected that he would receive some message or 
remonstrance from Young as to his conduct, and he was not 
mistaken, though it came in an unlooked-for manner.  Upon 
rising next morning he found, to his surprise, a small square 
of paper pinned on to the coverlet of his bed just over his 
chest.  On it was printed, in bold straggling letters:--

"Twenty-nine days are given you for amendment, and then ----"

The dash was more fear-inspiring than any threat could have 
been.  How this warning came into his room puzzled John 
Ferrier sorely, for his servants slept in an outhouse, and 
the doors and windows had all been secured.  He crumpled the 
paper up and said nothing to his daughter, but the incident 
struck a chill into his heart.  The twenty-nine days were 
evidently the balance of the month which Young had promised.  
What strength or courage could avail against an enemy armed 
with such mysterious powers?  The hand which fastened that 
pin might have struck him to the heart, and he could never 
have known who had slain him.

Still more shaken was he next morning.  They had sat down to 
their breakfast when Lucy with a cry of surprise pointed 
upwards.  In the centre of the ceiling was scrawled, with a 
burned stick apparently, the number 28.  To his daughter it 
was unintelligible, and he did not enlighten her.  That night 
he sat up with his gun and kept watch and ward.  He saw and 
he heard nothing, and yet in the morning a great 27 had been 
painted upon the outside of his door.

Thus day followed day; and as sure as morning came he found 
that his unseen enemies had kept their register, and had 
marked up in some conspicuous position how many days were 
still left to him out of the month of grace.  Sometimes the 
fatal numbers appeared upon the walls, sometimes upon the 
floors, occasionally they were on small placards stuck upon 
the garden gate or the railings.  With all his vigilance John 
Ferrier could not discover whence these daily warnings 
proceeded.  A horror which was almost superstitious came upon 
him at the sight of them.  He became haggard and restless, 
and his eyes had the troubled look of some hunted creature.  
He had but one hope in life now, and that was for the arrival 
of the young hunter from Nevada.

Twenty had changed to fifteen and fifteen to ten, but there 
was no news of the absentee.  One by one the numbers dwindled 
down, and still there came no sign of him.  Whenever a 
horseman clattered down the road, or a driver shouted at his 
team, the old farmer hurried to the gate thinking that help 
had arrived at last.  At last, when he saw five give way to 
four and that again to three, he lost heart, and abandoned 
all hope of escape.  Single-handed, and with his limited 
knowledge of the mountains which surrounded the settlement, 
he knew that he was powerless.  The more-frequented roads 
were strictly watched and guarded, and none could pass along 
them without an order from the Council.  Turn which way he 
would, there appeared to be no avoiding the blow which hung 
over him.  Yet the old man never wavered in his resolution to 
part with life itself before he consented to what he regarded 
as his daughter's dishonour.

He was sitting alone one evening pondering deeply over his 
troubles, and searching vainly for some way out of them.  
That morning had shown the figure 2 upon the wall of his 
house, and the next day would be the last of the allotted 
time.  What was to happen then?  All manner of vague and 
terrible fancies filled his imagination.  And his daughter -- 
what was to become of her after he was gone?  Was there no 
escape from the invisible network which was drawn all round 
them.  He sank his head upon the table and sobbed at the 
thought of his own impotence.

What was that?  In the silence he heard a gentle scratching 
sound -- low, but very distinct in the quiet of the night.  
It came from the door of the house.  Ferrier crept into the 
hall and listened intently.  There was a pause for a few 
moments, and then the low insidious sound was repeated.  
Someone was evidently tapping very gently upon one of the 
panels of the door.  Was it some midnight assassin who had 
come to carry out the murderous orders of the secret 
tribunal?  Or was it some agent who was marking up that the 
last day of grace had arrived.  John Ferrier felt that 
instant death would be better than the suspense which shook 
his nerves and chilled his heart.  Springing forward he drew 
the bolt and threw the door open.

Outside all was calm and quiet.  The night was fine, and the 
stars were twinkling brightly overhead.  The little front 
garden lay before the farmer's eyes bounded by the fence and 
gate, but neither there nor on the road was any human being 
to be seen.  With a sigh of relief, Ferrier looked to right 
and to left, until happening to glance straight down at his 
own feet he saw to his astonishment a man lying flat upon his 
face upon the ground, with arms and legs all asprawl.

So unnerved was he at the sight that he leaned up against the 
wall with his hand to his throat to stifle his inclination to 
call out.  His first thought was that the prostrate figure 
was that of some wounded or dying man, but as he watched it 
he saw it writhe along the ground and into the hall with the 
rapidity and noiselessness of a serpent.  Once within the 
house the man sprang to his feet, closed the door, and 
revealed to the astonished farmer the fierce face and 
resolute expression of Jefferson Hope.

"Good God!" gasped John Ferrier.  "How you scared me!  
Whatever made you come in like that."

"Give me food," the other said, hoarsely.  "I have had no 
time for bite or sup for eight-and-forty hours."  He flung 
himself upon the {21} cold meat and bread which were still lying 
upon the table from his host's supper, and devoured it 
voraciously.  "Does Lucy bear up well?" he asked, when he had 
satisfied his hunger.

"Yes.  She does not know the danger," her father answered.

"That is well.  The house is watched on every side.  
That is why I crawled my way up to it.  They may be darned sharp, 
but they're not quite sharp enough to catch a Washoe hunter."

John Ferrier felt a different man now that he realized that 
he had a devoted ally.  He seized the young man's leathery 
hand and wrung it cordially.  "You're a man to be proud of," 
he said.  "There are not many who would come to share our 
danger and our troubles."

"You've hit it there, pard," the young hunter answered.  
"I have a respect for you, but if you were alone in this 
business I'd think twice before I put my head into such a 
hornet's nest.  It's Lucy that brings me here, and before 
harm comes on her I guess there will be one less o' the Hope 
family in Utah."

"What are we to do?"

"To-morrow is your last day, and unless you act to-night you 
are lost.  I have a mule and two horses waiting in the Eagle 
Ravine.  How much money have you?"

"Two thousand dollars in gold, and five in notes."

"That will do.  I have as much more to add to it.  We must 
push for Carson City through the mountains.  You had best 
wake Lucy.  It is as well that the servants do not sleep in 
the house."

While Ferrier was absent, preparing his daughter for the 
approaching journey, Jefferson Hope packed all the eatables 
that he could find into a small parcel, and filled a 
stoneware jar with water, for he knew by experience that the 
mountain wells were few and far between.  He had hardly 
completed his arrangements before the farmer returned with 
his daughter all dressed and ready for a start.  The greeting 
between the lovers was warm, but brief, for minutes were 
precious, and there was much to be done.

"We must make our start at once," said Jefferson Hope, 
speaking in a low but resolute voice, like one who realizes 
the greatness of the peril, but has steeled his heart to meet 
it.  "The front and back entrances are watched, but with 
caution we may get away through the side window and across 
the fields.  Once on the road we are only two miles from the 
Ravine where the horses are waiting.  By daybreak we should 
be half-way through the mountains."

"What if we are stopped," asked Ferrier.

Hope slapped the revolver butt which protruded from the front 
of his tunic.  "If they are too many for us we shall take two 
or three of them with us," he said with a sinister smile.

The lights inside the house had all been extinguished, and 
from the darkened window Ferrier peered over the fields which 
had been his own, and which he was now about to abandon for 
ever.  He had long nerved himself to the sacrifice, however, 
and the thought of the honour and happiness of his daughter 
outweighed any regret at his ruined fortunes.  All looked so 
peaceful and happy, the rustling trees and the broad silent 
stretch of grain-land, that it was difficult to realize that 
the spirit of murder lurked through it all.  Yet the white 
face and set expression of the young hunter showed that in 
his approach to the house he had seen enough to satisfy him 
upon that head.

Ferrier carried the bag of gold and notes, Jefferson Hope had 
the scanty provisions and water, while Lucy had a small 
bundle containing a few of her more valued possessions.  
Opening the window very slowly and carefully, they waited 
until a dark cloud had somewhat obscured the night, and then 
one by one passed through into the little garden.  With bated 
breath and crouching figures they stumbled across it, and 
gained the shelter of the hedge, which they skirted until 
they came to the gap which opened into the cornfields.  They 
had just reached this point when the young man seized his two 
companions and dragged them down into the shadow, where they 
lay silent and trembling.

It was as well that his prairie training had given Jefferson 
Hope the ears of a lynx.  He and his friends had hardly 
crouched down before the melancholy hooting of a mountain owl 
was heard within a few yards of them, which was immediately 
answered by another hoot at a small distance.  At the same 
moment a vague shadowy figure emerged from the gap for which 
they had been making, and uttered the plaintive signal cry 
again, on which a second man appeared out of the obscurity.

"To-morrow at midnight," said the first who appeared to be in 
authority.  "When the Whip-poor-Will calls three times."

"It is well," returned the other.  "Shall I tell Brother Drebber?"

"Pass it on to him, and from him to the others.  Nine to seven!"

"Seven to five!" repeated the other, and the two figures 
flitted away in different directions.  Their concluding words 
had evidently been some form of sign and countersign.  The 
instant that their footsteps had died away in the distance, 
Jefferson Hope sprang to his feet, and helping his companions 
through the gap, led the way across the fields at the top of 
his speed, supporting and half-carrying the girl when her 
strength appeared to fail her.

"Hurry on! hurry on!" he gasped from time to time.  "We are 
through the line of sentinels.  Everything depends on speed.  
Hurry on!"

Once on the high road they made rapid progress.  Only once 
did they meet anyone, and then they managed to slip into a 
field, and so avoid recognition.  Before reaching the town 
the hunter branched away into a rugged and narrow footpath 
which led to the mountains.  Two dark jagged peaks loomed 
above them through the darkness, and the defile which led 
between them was the Eagle Canon in which the horses were 
awaiting them.  With unerring instinct Jefferson Hope picked 
his way among the great boulders and along the bed of a 
dried-up watercourse, until he came to the retired corner, 
screened with rocks, where the faithful animals had been 
picketed.  The girl was placed upon the mule, and old Ferrier 
upon one of the horses, with his money-bag, while Jefferson 
Hope led the other along the precipitous and dangerous path.

It was a bewildering route for anyone who was not accustomed 
to face Nature in her wildest moods.  On the one side a great 
crag towered up a thousand feet or more, black, stern, and 
menacing, with long basaltic columns upon its rugged surface 
like the ribs of some petrified monster.  On the other hand a 
wild chaos of boulders and debris made all advance 
impossible.  Between the two ran the irregular track, so 
narrow in places that they had to travel in Indian file, and 
so rough that only practised riders could have traversed it 
at all.  Yet in spite of all dangers and difficulties, the 
hearts of the fugitives were light within them, for every 
step increased the distance between them and the terrible 
despotism from which they were flying.

They soon had a proof, however, that they were still within 
the jurisdiction of the Saints.  They had reached the very 
wildest and most desolate portion of the pass when the girl 
gave a startled cry, and pointed upwards.  On a rock which 
overlooked the track, showing out dark and plain against the 
sky, there stood a solitary sentinel.  He saw them as soon as 
they perceived him, and his military challenge of "Who goes 
there?" rang through the silent ravine.

"Travellers for Nevada," said Jefferson Hope, with his hand 
upon the rifle which hung by his saddle.

They could see the lonely watcher fingering his gun, and 
peering down at them as if dissatisfied at their reply.

"By whose permission?" he asked.

"The Holy Four," answered Ferrier.  His Mormon experiences 
had taught him that that was the highest authority to which 
he could refer.

"Nine from seven," cried the sentinel.

"Seven from five," returned Jefferson Hope promptly, 
remembering the countersign which he had heard in the garden.

"Pass, and the Lord go with you," said the voice from above.  
Beyond his post the path broadened out, and the horses were 
able to break into a trot.  Looking back, they could see the 
solitary watcher leaning upon his gun, and knew that they had 
passed the outlying post of the chosen people, and that 
freedom lay before them.



CHAPTER V.

THE AVENGING ANGELS.


ALL night their course lay through intricate defiles and over 
irregular and rock-strewn paths.  More than once they lost 
their way, but Hope's intimate knowledge of the mountains 
enabled them to regain the track once more.  When morning 
broke, a scene of marvellous though savage beauty lay before 
them.  In every direction the great snow-capped peaks hemmed 
them in, peeping over each other's shoulders to the far 
horizon.  So steep were the rocky banks on either side of 
them, that the larch and the pine seemed to be suspended over 
their heads, and to need only a gust of wind to come hurtling 
down upon them.  Nor was the fear entirely an illusion, for 
the barren valley was thickly strewn with trees and boulders 
which had fallen in a similar manner.  Even as they passed, a 
great rock came thundering down with a hoarse rattle which 
woke the echoes in the silent gorges, and startled the weary 
horses into a gallop.

As the sun rose slowly above the eastern horizon, the caps of 
the great mountains lit up one after the other, like lamps at 
a festival, until they were all ruddy and glowing.  The 
magnificent spectacle cheered the hearts of the three 
fugitives and gave them fresh energy.  At a wild torrent 
which swept out of a ravine they called a halt and watered 
their horses, while they partook of a hasty breakfast.  Lucy 
and her father would fain have rested longer, but Jefferson 
Hope was inexorable.  "They will be upon our track by this 
time," he said.  "Everything depends upon our speed.  Once 
safe in Carson we may rest for the remainder of our lives."

During the whole of that day they struggled on through the 
defiles, and by evening they calculated that they were more 
than thirty miles from their enemies.  At night-time they 
chose the base of a beetling crag, where the rocks offered 
some protection from the chill wind, and there huddled 
together for warmth, they enjoyed a few hours' sleep.  Before 
daybreak, however, they were up and on their way once more.  
They had seen no signs of any pursuers, and Jefferson Hope 
began to think that they were fairly out of the reach of the 
terrible organization whose enmity they had incurred.  He 
little knew how far that iron grasp could reach, or how soon 
it was to close upon them and crush them.

About the middle of the second day of their flight their 
scanty store of provisions began to run out.  This gave the 
hunter little uneasiness, however, for there was game to be 
had among the mountains, and he had frequently before had to 
depend upon his rifle for the needs of life.  Choosing a 
sheltered nook, he piled together a few dried branches and 
made a blazing fire, at which his companions might warm 
themselves, for they were now nearly five thousand feet above 
the sea level, and the air was bitter and keen.  Having 
tethered the horses, and bade Lucy adieu, he threw his gun 
over his shoulder, and set out in search of whatever chance 
might throw in his way.  Looking back he saw the old man and 
the young girl crouching over the blazing fire, while the 
three animals stood motionless in the back-ground.  Then the 
intervening rocks hid them from his view.

He walked for a couple of miles through one ravine after 
another without success, though from the marks upon the bark 
of the trees, and other indications, he judged that there 
were numerous bears in the vicinity.  At last, after two or 
three hours' fruitless search, he was thinking of turning 
back in despair, when casting his eyes upwards he saw a sight 
which sent a thrill of pleasure through his heart.  On the 
edge of a jutting pinnacle, three or four hundred feet above 
him, there stood a creature somewhat resembling a sheep in 
appearance, but armed with a pair of gigantic horns.  
The big-horn -- for so it is called -- was acting, probably, 
as a guardian over a flock which were invisible to the hunter; 
but fortunately it was heading in the opposite direction, 
and had not perceived him.  Lying on his face, he rested his 
rifle upon a rock, and took a long and steady aim before drawing 
the trigger.  The animal sprang into the air, tottered for a 
moment upon the edge of the precipice, and then came crashing 
down into the valley beneath.

The creature was too unwieldy to lift, so the hunter 
contented himself with cutting away one haunch and part of 
the flank.  With this trophy over his shoulder, he hastened 
to retrace his steps, for the evening was already drawing in.  
He had hardly started, however, before he realized the 
difficulty which faced him.  In his eagerness he had wandered 
far past the ravines which were known to him, and it was no 
easy matter to pick out the path which he had taken.  
The valley in which he found himself divided and sub-divided 
into many gorges, which were so like each other that it was 
impossible to distinguish one from the other.  He followed 
one for a mile or more until he came to a mountain torrent 
which he was sure that he had never seen before.  Convinced 
that he had taken the wrong turn, he tried another, but with 
the same result.  Night was coming on rapidly, and it was 
almost dark before he at last found himself in a defile which 
was familiar to him.  Even then it was no easy matter to keep 
to the right track, for the moon had not yet risen, and the 
high cliffs on either side made the obscurity more profound.  
Weighed down with his burden, and weary from his exertions, 
he stumbled along, keeping up his heart by the reflection 
that every step brought him nearer to Lucy, and that he 
carried with him enough to ensure them food for the remainder 
of their journey.

He had now come to the mouth of the very defile in which he 
had left them.  Even in the darkness he could recognize the 
outline of the cliffs which bounded it.  They must, he 
reflected, be awaiting him anxiously, for he had been absent 
nearly five hours.  In the gladness of his heart he put his 
hands to his mouth and made the glen re-echo to a loud halloo 
as a signal that he was coming.  He paused and listened for 
an answer.  None came save his own cry, which clattered up 
the dreary silent ravines, and was borne back to his ears in 
countless repetitions.  Again he shouted, even louder than 
before, and again no whisper came back from the friends whom 
he had left such a short time ago.  A vague, nameless dread 
came over him, and he hurried onwards frantically, dropping 
the precious food in his agitation.

When he turned the corner, he came full in sight of the spot 
where the fire had been lit.  There was still a glowing pile 
of wood ashes there, but it had evidently not been tended 
since his departure.  The same dead silence still reigned all 
round.  With his fears all changed to convictions, he hurried 
on.  There was no living creature near the remains of the 
fire:  animals, man, maiden, all were gone.  It was only too 
clear that some sudden and terrible disaster had occurred 
during his absence -- a disaster which had embraced them all, 
and yet had left no traces behind it.

Bewildered and stunned by this blow, Jefferson Hope felt his 
head spin round, and had to lean upon his rifle to save 
himself from falling.  He was essentially a man of action, 
however, and speedily recovered from his temporary impotence.  
Seizing a half-consumed piece of wood from the smouldering 
fire, he blew it into a flame, and proceeded with its help to 
examine the little camp.  The ground was all stamped down by 
the feet of horses, showing that a large party of mounted men 
had overtaken the fugitives, and the direction of their 
tracks proved that they had afterwards turned back to Salt 
Lake City.  Had they carried back both of his companions with 
them?  Jefferson Hope had almost persuaded himself that they 
must have done so, when his eye fell upon an object which 
made every nerve of his body tingle within him.  A little way 
on one side of the camp was a low-lying heap of reddish soil, 
which had assuredly not been there before.  There was no 
mistaking it for anything but a newly-dug grave.  As the 
young hunter approached it, he perceived that a stick had 
been planted on it, with a sheet of paper stuck in the cleft 
fork of it.  The inscription upon the paper was brief, but to 
the point:

                        JOHN FERRIER,
                 FORMERLY OF SALT LAKE CITY, {22}
                    Died August 4th, 1860.

The sturdy old man, whom he had left so short a time before, 
was gone, then, and this was all his epitaph.  Jefferson Hope 
looked wildly round to see if there was a second grave, but 
there was no sign of one.  Lucy had been carried back by 
their terrible pursuers to fulfil her original destiny, by 
becoming one of the harem of the Elder's son.  As the young 
fellow realized the certainty of her fate, and his own 
powerlessness to prevent it, he wished that he, too, was 
lying with the old farmer in his last silent resting-place.

Again, however, his active spirit shook off the lethargy 
which springs from despair.  If there was nothing else left 
to him, he could at least devote his life to revenge.  
With indomitable patience and perseverance, Jefferson Hope 
possessed also a power of sustained vindictiveness, which he 
may have learned from the Indians amongst whom he had lived.  
As he stood by the desolate fire, he felt that the only one 
thing which could assuage his grief would be thorough and 
complete retribution, brought by his own hand upon his 
enemies.  His strong will and untiring energy should, he 
determined, be devoted to that one end.  With a grim, white 
face, he retraced his steps to where he had dropped the food, 
and having stirred up the smouldering fire, he cooked enough 
to last him for a few days.  This he made up into a bundle, 
and, tired as he was, he set himself to walk back through the 
mountains upon the track of the avenging angels.

For five days he toiled footsore and weary through the 
defiles which he had already traversed on horseback.  
At night he flung himself down among the rocks, and snatched a 
few hours of sleep; but before daybreak he was always well on 
his way.  On the sixth day, he reached the Eagle Canon, from 
which they had commenced their ill-fated flight.  Thence he 
could look down upon the home of the saints.  Worn and 
exhausted, he leaned upon his rifle and shook his gaunt hand 
fiercely at the silent widespread city beneath him.  As he 
looked at it, he observed that there were flags in some of 
the principal streets, and other signs of festivity.  He was 
still speculating as to what this might mean when he heard 
the clatter of horse's hoofs, and saw a mounted man riding 
towards him.  As he approached, he recognized him as a Mormon 
named Cowper, to whom he had rendered services at different 
times.  He therefore accosted him when he got up to him, with 
the object of finding out what Lucy Ferrier's fate had been.

"I am Jefferson Hope," he said.  "You remember me."

The Mormon looked at him with undisguised astonishment -- 
indeed, it was difficult to recognize in this tattered, 
unkempt wanderer, with ghastly white face and fierce, 
wild eyes, the spruce young hunter of former days.  
Having, however, at last, satisfied himself as to his identity, 
the man's surprise changed to consternation.

"You are mad to come here," he cried.  "It is as much as my 
own life is worth to be seen talking with you.  There is a 
warrant against you from the Holy Four for assisting the 
Ferriers away."

"I don't fear them, or their warrant," Hope said, earnestly.  
"You must know something of this matter, Cowper.  I conjure 
you by everything you hold dear to answer a few questions.  
We have always been friends.  For God's sake, don't refuse 
to answer me."

"What is it?" the Mormon asked uneasily.  "Be quick.  
The very rocks have ears and the trees eyes."

"What has become of Lucy Ferrier?"

"She was married yesterday to young Drebber.  Hold up, man, 
hold up, you have no life left in you."

"Don't mind me," said Hope faintly.  He was white to the very 
lips, and had sunk down on the stone against which he had 
been leaning.  "Married, you say?"

"Married yesterday -- that's what those flags are for on the 
Endowment House.  There was some words between young Drebber 
and young Stangerson as to which was to have her.  They'd 
both been in the party that followed them, and Stangerson had 
shot her father, which seemed to give him the best claim; but 
when they argued it out in council, Drebber's party was the 
stronger, so the Prophet gave her over to him.  No one won't 
have her very long though, for I saw death in her face yesterday.  
She is more like a ghost than a woman.  Are you off, then?"

"Yes, I am off," said Jefferson Hope, who had risen from his 
seat.  His face might have been chiselled out of marble, 
so hard and set was its expression, while its eyes glowed with 
a baleful light.

"Where are you going?"

"Never mind," he answered; and, slinging his weapon over his 
shoulder, strode off down the gorge and so away into the 
heart of the mountains to the haunts of the wild beasts.  
Amongst them all there was none so fierce and so dangerous as 
himself.

The prediction of the Mormon was only too well fulfilled.  
Whether it was the terrible death of her father or the 
effects of the hateful marriage into which she had been 
forced, poor Lucy never held up her head again, but pined 
away and died within a month.  Her sottish husband, who had 
married her principally for the sake of John Ferrier's 
property, did not affect any great grief at his bereavement; 
but his other wives mourned over her, and sat up with her the 
night before the burial, as is the Mormon custom.  They were 
grouped round the bier in the early hours of the morning, 
when, to their inexpressible fear and astonishment, the door 
was flung open, and a savage-looking, weather-beaten man in 
tattered garments strode into the room.  Without a glance or 
a word to the cowering women, he walked up to the white 
silent figure which had once contained the pure soul of Lucy 
Ferrier.  Stooping over her, he pressed his lips reverently 
to her cold forehead, and then, snatching up her hand, he 
took the wedding-ring from her finger.  "She shall not be 
buried in that," he cried with a fierce snarl, and before an 
alarm could be raised sprang down the stairs and was gone.  
So strange and so brief was the episode, that the watchers 
might have found it hard to believe it themselves or persuade 
other people of it, had it not been for the undeniable fact 
that the circlet of gold which marked her as having been a 
bride had disappeared.

For some months Jefferson Hope lingered among the mountains, 
leading a strange wild life, and nursing in his heart the 
fierce desire for vengeance which possessed him.  Tales were 
told in the City of the weird figure which was seen prowling 
about the suburbs, and which haunted the lonely mountain 
gorges.  Once a bullet whistled through Stangerson's window 
and flattened itself upon the wall within a foot of him.  On 
another occasion, as Drebber passed under a cliff a great 
boulder crashed down on him, and he only escaped a terrible 
death by throwing himself upon his face.  The two young 
Mormons were not long in discovering the reason of these 
attempts upon their lives, and led repeated expeditions into 
the mountains in the hope of capturing or killing their 
enemy, but always without success.  Then they adopted the 
precaution of never going out alone or after nightfall, and 
of having their houses guarded.  After a time they were able 
to relax these measures, for nothing was either heard or seen 
of their opponent, and they hoped that time had cooled his 
vindictiveness.

Far from doing so, it had, if anything, augmented it.  
The hunter's mind was of a hard, unyielding nature, and the 
predominant idea of revenge had taken such complete 
possession of it that there was no room for any other 
emotion.  He was, however, above all things practical.  He 
soon realized that even his iron constitution could not stand 
the incessant strain which he was putting upon it.  Exposure 
and want of wholesome food were wearing him out.  If he died 
like a dog among the mountains, what was to become of his 
revenge then?  And yet such a death was sure to overtake him 
if he persisted.  He felt that that was to play his enemy's 
game, so he reluctantly returned to the old Nevada mines, 
there to recruit his health and to amass money enough to 
allow him to pursue his object without privation.

His intention had been to be absent a year at the most, but a 
combination of unforeseen circumstances prevented his leaving 
the mines for nearly five.  At the end of that time, however, 
his memory of his wrongs and his craving for revenge were 
quite as keen as on that memorable night when he had stood by 
John Ferrier's grave.  Disguised, and under an assumed name, 
he returned to Salt Lake City, careless what became of his 
own life, as long as he obtained what he knew to be justice.  
There he found evil tidings awaiting him.  There had been a 
schism among the Chosen People a few months before, some of 
the younger members of the Church having rebelled against the 
authority of the Elders, and the result had been the 
secession of a certain number of the malcontents, who had 
left Utah and become Gentiles.  Among these had been Drebber 
and Stangerson; and no one knew whither they had gone.  
Rumour reported that Drebber had managed to convert a large 
part of his property into money, and that he had departed a 
wealthy man, while his companion, Stangerson, was 
comparatively poor.  There was no clue at all, however, 
as to their whereabouts.

Many a man, however vindictive, would have abandoned all 
thought of revenge in the face of such a difficulty, but 
Jefferson Hope never faltered for a moment.  With the small 
competence he possessed, eked out by such employment as he 
could pick up, he travelled from town to town through the 
United States in quest of his enemies.  Year passed into 
year, his black hair turned grizzled, but still he wandered 
on, a human bloodhound, with his mind wholly set upon the one 
object upon which he had devoted his life.  At last his 
perseverance was rewarded.  It was but a glance of a face in 
a window, but that one glance told him that Cleveland in Ohio 
possessed the men whom he was in pursuit of.  He returned to 
his miserable lodgings with his plan of vengeance all 
arranged.  It chanced, however, that Drebber, looking from 
his window, had recognized the vagrant in the street, and had 
read murder in his eyes.  He hurried before a justice of the 
peace, accompanied by Stangerson, who had become his private 
secretary, and represented to him that they were in danger of 
their lives from the jealousy and hatred of an old rival.  
That evening Jefferson Hope was taken into custody, and not 
being able to find sureties, was detained for some weeks.  
When at last he was liberated, it was only to find that 
Drebber's house was deserted, and that he and his secretary 
had departed for Europe.

Again the avenger had been foiled, and again his concentrated 
hatred urged him to continue the pursuit.  Funds were 
wanting, however, and for some time he had to return to work, 
saving every dollar for his approaching journey.  At last, 
having collected enough to keep life in him, he departed for 
Europe, and tracked his enemies from city to city, working 
his way in any menial capacity, but never overtaking the 
fugitives.  When he reached St. Petersburg they had departed 
for Paris; and when he followed them there he learned that 
they had just set off for Copenhagen.  At the Danish capital 
he was again a few days late, for they had journeyed on to 
London, where he at last succeeded in running them to earth.  
As to what occurred there, we cannot do better than quote the 
old hunter's own account, as duly recorded in Dr. Watson's 
Journal, to which we are already under such obligations.



CHAPTER VI.

A CONTINUATION OF THE REMINISCENCES OF JOHN WATSON, M.D.


OUR prisoner's furious resistance did not apparently indicate 
any ferocity in his disposition towards ourselves, for on 
finding himself powerless, he smiled in an affable manner, 
and expressed his hopes that he had not hurt any of us in the 
scuffle.  "I guess you're going to take me to the police-station," 
he remarked to Sherlock Holmes.  "My cab's at the door.  
If you'll loose my legs I'll walk down to it.  I'm not so light 
to lift as I used to be."

Gregson and Lestrade exchanged glances as if they thought 
this proposition rather a bold one; but Holmes at once took 
the prisoner at his word, and loosened the towel which we had 
bound round his ancles. {23}  He rose and stretched his legs, 
as though to assure himself that they were free once more.  
I remember that I thought to myself, as I eyed him, that I had 
seldom seen a more powerfully built man; and his dark 
sunburned face bore an expression of determination and energy 
which was as formidable as his personal strength.

"If there's a vacant place for a chief of the police, 
I reckon you are the man for it," he said, gazing with 
undisguised admiration at my fellow-lodger.  "The way you 
kept on my trail was a caution."

"You had better come with me," said Holmes to the two detectives.

"I can drive you," said Lestrade.

"Good! and Gregson can come inside with me.  You too, Doctor, 
you have taken an interest in the case and may as well stick 
to us."

I assented gladly, and we all descended together.  Our 
prisoner made no attempt at escape, but stepped calmly into 
the cab which had been his, and we followed him.  Lestrade 
mounted the box, whipped up the horse, and brought us in a 
very short time to our destination.  We were ushered into a 
small chamber where a police Inspector noted down our 
prisoner's name and the names of the men with whose murder he 
had been charged.  The official was a white-faced unemotional 
man, who went through his duties in a dull mechanical way.  
"The prisoner will be put before the magistrates in the 
course of the week," he said; "in the mean time, Mr. 
Jefferson Hope, have you anything that you wish to say?  
I must warn you that your words will be taken down, and may 
be used against you."

"I've got a good deal to say," our prisoner said slowly.  
"I want to tell you gentlemen all about it."

"Hadn't you better reserve that for your trial?" asked the 
Inspector.

"I may never be tried," he answered.  "You needn't look 
startled.  It isn't suicide I am thinking of.  Are you a 
Doctor?"  He turned his fierce dark eyes upon me as he asked 
this last question.

"Yes; I am," I answered.

"Then put your hand here," he said, with a smile, motioning 
with his manacled wrists towards his chest.

I did so; and became at once conscious of an extraordinary 
throbbing and commotion which was going on inside.  The walls 
of his chest seemed to thrill and quiver as a frail building 
would do inside when some powerful engine was at work.  In 
the silence of the room I could hear a dull humming and 
buzzing noise which proceeded from the same source.

"Why," I cried, "you have an aortic aneurism!"

"That's what they call it," he said, placidly.  "I went to a 
Doctor last week about it, and he told me that it is bound to 
burst before many days passed.  It has been getting worse for 
years.  I got it from over-exposure and under-feeding among 
the Salt Lake Mountains.  I've done my work now, and I don't 
care how soon I go, but I should like to leave some account 
of the business behind me.  I don't want to be remembered as 
a common cut-throat."

The Inspector and the two detectives had a hurried discussion 
as to the advisability of allowing him to tell his story.

"Do you consider, Doctor, that there is immediate danger?" 
the former asked, {24}

"Most certainly there is," I answered.

"In that case it is clearly our duty, in the interests 
of justice, to take his statement," said the Inspector.  
"You are at liberty, sir, to give your account, which I again 
warn you will be taken down."

"I'll sit down, with your leave," the prisoner said, suiting 
the action to the word.  "This aneurism of mine makes me 
easily tired, and the tussle we had half an hour ago has not 
mended matters.  I'm on the brink of the grave, and I am not 
likely to lie to you.  Every word I say is the absolute truth, 
and how you use it is a matter of no consequence to me."

With these words, Jefferson Hope leaned back in his chair and 
began the following remarkable statement.  He spoke in a calm 
and methodical manner, as though the events which he narrated 
were commonplace enough.  I can vouch for the accuracy of the 
subjoined account, for I have had access to Lestrade's note-book, 
in which the prisoner's words were taken down exactly as they 
were uttered.

"It don't much matter to you why I hated these men," he said; 
"it's enough that they were guilty of the death of two human 
beings -- a father and a daughter -- and that they had, 
therefore, forfeited their own lives.  After the lapse of 
time that has passed since their crime, it was impossible for 
me to secure a conviction against them in any court.  I knew 
of their guilt though, and I determined that I should be 
judge, jury, and executioner all rolled into one.  You'd have 
done the same, if you have any manhood in you, if you had 
been in my place.

"That girl that I spoke of was to have married me twenty 
years ago.  She was forced into marrying that same Drebber, 
and broke her heart over it.  I took the marriage ring from 
her dead finger, and I vowed that his dying eyes should rest 
upon that very ring, and that his last thoughts should be of 
the crime for which he was punished.  I have carried it about 
with me, and have followed him and his accomplice over two 
continents until I caught them.  They thought to tire me out, 
but they could not do it.  If I die to-morrow, as is likely 
enough, I die knowing that my work in this world is done, 
and well done.  They have perished, and by my hand.  
There is nothing left for me to hope for, or to desire.

"They were rich and I was poor, so that it was no easy matter 
for me to follow them.  When I got to London my pocket was 
about empty, and I found that I must turn my hand to 
something for my living.  Driving and riding are as natural 
to me as walking, so I applied at a cabowner's office, and 
soon got employment.  I was to bring a certain sum a week to 
the owner, and whatever was over that I might keep for 
myself.  There was seldom much over, but I managed to scrape 
along somehow.  The hardest job was to learn my way about, 
for I reckon that of all the mazes that ever were contrived, 
this city is the most confusing.  I had a map beside me 
though, and when once I had spotted the principal hotels and 
stations, I got on pretty well.

"It was some time before I found out where my two gentlemen 
were living; but I inquired and inquired until at last I 
dropped across them.  They were at a boarding-house at 
Camberwell, over on the other side of the river.  When once I 
found them out I knew that I had them at my mercy.  I had 
grown my beard, and there was no chance of their recognizing 
me.  I would dog them and follow them until I saw my opportunity.  
I was determined that they should not escape me again.

"They were very near doing it for all that.  Go where they 
would about London, I was always at their heels.  Sometimes I 
followed them on my cab, and sometimes on foot, but the 
former was the best, for then they could not get away from 
me.  It was only early in the morning or late at night that I 
could earn anything, so that I began to get behind hand with 
my employer.  I did not mind that, however, as long as I 
could lay my hand upon the men I wanted.

"They were very cunning, though.  They must have thought that 
there was some chance of their being followed, for they would 
never go out alone, and never after nightfall.  During two 
weeks I drove behind them every day, and never once saw them 
separate.  Drebber himself was drunk half the time, but 
Stangerson was not to be caught napping.  I watched them late 
and early, but never saw the ghost of a chance; but I was not 
discouraged, for something told me that the hour had almost 
come.  My only fear was that this thing in my chest might 
burst a little too soon and leave my work undone.

"At last, one evening I was driving up and down Torquay 
Terrace, as the street was called in which they boarded, when 
I saw a cab drive up to their door.  Presently some luggage 
was brought out, and after a time Drebber and Stangerson 
followed it, and drove off.  I whipped up my horse and kept 
within sight of them, feeling very ill at ease, for I feared 
that they were going to shift their quarters.  At Euston 
Station they got out, and I left a boy to hold my horse, and 
followed them on to the platform.  I heard them ask for the 
Liverpool train, and the guard answer that one had just gone 
and there would not be another for some hours.  Stangerson 
seemed to be put out at that, but Drebber was rather pleased 
than otherwise.  I got so close to them in the bustle that I 
could hear every word that passed between them.  Drebber said 
that he had a little business of his own to do, and that if 
the other would wait for him he would soon rejoin him.  His 
companion remonstrated with him, and reminded him that they 
had resolved to stick together.  Drebber answered that the 
matter was a delicate one, and that he must go alone.  
I could not catch what Stangerson said to that, but the other 
burst out swearing, and reminded him that he was nothing more 
than his paid servant, and that he must not presume to 
dictate to him.  On that the Secretary gave it up as a bad 
job, and simply bargained with him that if he missed the last 
train he should rejoin him at Halliday's Private Hotel; 
to which Drebber answered that he would be back on the platform 
before eleven, and made his way out of the station.

"The moment for which I had waited so long had at last come.  
I had my enemies within my power.  Together they could 
protect each other, but singly they were at my mercy.  I did 
not act, however, with undue precipitation.  My plans were 
already formed.  There is no satisfaction in vengeance unless 
the offender has time to realize who it is that strikes him, 
and why retribution has come upon him.  I had my plans 
arranged by which I should have the opportunity of making the 
man who had wronged me understand that his old sin had found 
him out.  It chanced that some days before a gentleman who 
had been engaged in looking over some houses in the Brixton 
Road had dropped the key of one of them in my carriage.  
It was claimed that same evening, and returned; but in the 
interval I had taken a moulding of it, and had a duplicate 
constructed.  By means of this I had access to at least one 
spot in this great city where I could rely upon being free 
from interruption.  How to get Drebber to that house was the 
difficult problem which I had now to solve.

"He walked down the road and went into one or two liquor 
shops, staying for nearly half-an-hour in the last of them.  
When he came out he staggered in his walk, and was evidently 
pretty well on.  There was a hansom just in front of me, 
and he hailed it.  I followed it so close that the nose of my 
horse was within a yard of his driver the whole way.  
We rattled across Waterloo Bridge and through miles of streets, 
until, to my astonishment, we found ourselves back in the 
Terrace in which he had boarded.  I could not imagine what 
his intention was in returning there; but I went on and 
pulled up my cab a hundred yards or so from the house.  
He entered it, and his hansom drove away.  Give me a glass 
of water, if you please.  My mouth gets dry with the talking."

I handed him the glass, and he drank it down.

"That's better," he said.  "Well, I waited for a quarter of 
an hour, or more, when suddenly there came a noise like 
people struggling inside the house.  Next moment the door was 
flung open and two men appeared, one of whom was Drebber, and 
the other was a young chap whom I had never seen before.  
This fellow had Drebber by the collar, and when they came to 
the head of the steps he gave him a shove and a kick which 
sent him half across the road.  `You hound,' he cried, 
shaking his stick at him; `I'll teach you to insult an honest 
girl!'  He was so hot that I think he would have thrashed 
Drebber with his cudgel, only that the cur staggered away 
down the road as fast as his legs would carry him.  He ran as 
far as the corner, and then, seeing my cab, he hailed me and 
jumped in.  `Drive me to Halliday's Private Hotel,' said he.

"When I had him fairly inside my cab, my heart jumped so with 
joy that I feared lest at this last moment my aneurism might 
go wrong.  I drove along slowly, weighing in my own mind what 
it was best to do.  I might take him right out into the 
country, and there in some deserted lane have my last 
interview with him.  I had almost decided upon this, when he 
solved the problem for me.  The craze for drink had seized 
him again, and he ordered me to pull up outside a gin palace.  
He went in, leaving word that I should wait for him.  There 
he remained until closing time, and when he came out he was 
so far gone that I knew the game was in my own hands.

"Don't imagine that I intended to kill him in cold blood.  
It would only have been rigid justice if I had done so, 
but I could not bring myself to do it.  I had long determined 
that he should have a show for his life if he chose to take 
advantage of it.  Among the many billets which I have filled 
in America during my wandering life, I was once janitor and 
sweeper out of the laboratory at York College.  One day the 
professor was lecturing on poisions, {25} and he showed his 
students some alkaloid, as he called it, which he had 
extracted from some South American arrow poison, and which 
was so powerful that the least grain meant instant death.  
I spotted the bottle in which this preparation was kept, and 
when they were all gone, I helped myself to a little of it.  
I was a fairly good dispenser, so I worked this alkaloid into 
small, soluble pills, and each pill I put in a box with a 
similar pill made without the poison.  I determined at the 
time that when I had my chance, my gentlemen should each have 
a draw out of one of these boxes, while I ate the pill that 
remained.  It would be quite as deadly, and a good deal less 
noisy than firing across a handkerchief.  From that day I had 
always my pill boxes about with me, and the time had now come 
when I was to use them.

"It was nearer one than twelve, and a wild, bleak night, 
blowing hard and raining in torrents.  Dismal as it was 
outside, I was glad within -- so glad that I could have 
shouted out from pure exultation.  If any of you gentlemen 
have ever pined for a thing, and longed for it during twenty 
long years, and then suddenly found it within your reach, you 
would understand my feelings.  I lit a cigar, and puffed at 
it to steady my nerves, but my hands were trembling, and my 
temples throbbing with excitement.  As I drove, I could see 
old John Ferrier and sweet Lucy looking at me out of the 
darkness and smiling at me, just as plain as I see you all in 
this room.  All the way they were ahead of me, one on each 
side of the horse until I pulled up at the house in the 
Brixton Road.

"There was not a soul to be seen, nor a sound to be heard, 
except the dripping of the rain.  When I looked in at the window, 
I found Drebber all huddled together in a drunken sleep.  
I shook him by the arm, `It's time to get out,' I said.

"`All right, cabby,' said he.

"I suppose he thought we had come to the hotel that he had 
mentioned, for he got out without another word, and followed 
me down the garden.  I had to walk beside him to keep him 
steady, for he was still a little top-heavy.  When we came 
to the door, I opened it, and led him into the front room.  
I give you my word that all the way, the father and the 
daughter were walking in front of us.

"`It's infernally dark,' said he, stamping about.

"`We'll soon have a light,' I said, striking a match and 
putting it to a wax candle which I had brought with me.  
`Now, Enoch Drebber,' I continued, turning to him, and 
holding the light to my own face, `who am I?'

"He gazed at me with bleared, drunken eyes for a moment, and 
then I saw a horror spring up in them, and convulse his whole 
features, which showed me that he knew me.  He staggered back 
with a livid face, and I saw the perspiration break out upon 
his brow, while his teeth chattered in his head.  At the 
sight, I leaned my back against the door and laughed loud and 
long.  I had always known that vengeance would be sweet, but 
I had never hoped for the contentment of soul which now 
possessed me.

"`You dog!' I said; `I have hunted you from Salt Lake City to 
St. Petersburg, and you have always escaped me.  Now, at last 
your wanderings have come to an end, for either you or I 
shall never see to-morrow's sun rise.'  He shrunk still 
further away as I spoke, and I could see on his face that he 
thought I was mad.  So I was for the time.  The pulses in my 
temples beat like sledge-hammers, and I believe I would have 
had a fit of some sort if the blood had not gushed from my 
nose and relieved me.

"`What do you think of Lucy Ferrier now?' I cried, locking 
the door, and shaking the key in his face.  `Punishment has 
been slow in coming, but it has overtaken you at last.'  
I saw his coward lips tremble as I spoke.  He would have begged 
for his life, but he knew well that it was useless.

"`Would you murder me?' he stammered.

"`There is no murder,' I answered.  `Who talks of murdering 
a mad dog?  What mercy had you upon my poor darling, when you 
dragged her from her slaughtered father, and bore her away to 
your accursed and shameless harem.'

"`It was not I who killed her father,' he cried.

"`But it was you who broke her innocent heart,' I shrieked, 
thrusting the box before him.  `Let the high God judge 
between us.  Choose and eat.  There is death in one and life 
in the other.  I shall take what you leave.  Let us see if 
there is justice upon the earth, or if we are ruled by chance.'

"He cowered away with wild cries and prayers for mercy, but I 
drew my knife and held it to his throat until he had obeyed 
me.  Then I swallowed the other, and we stood facing one 
another in silence for a minute or more, waiting to see which 
was to live and which was to die.  Shall I ever forget the 
look which came over his face when the first warning pangs 
told him that the poison was in his system?  I laughed as I 
saw it, and held Lucy's marriage ring in front of his eyes.  
It was but for a moment, for the action of the alkaloid is 
rapid.  A spasm of pain contorted his features; he threw his 
hands out in front of him, staggered, and then, with a hoarse 
cry, fell heavily upon the floor.  I turned him over with my 
foot, and placed my hand upon his heart.  There was no 
movement.  He was dead!

"The blood had been streaming from my nose, but I had taken 
no notice of it.  I don't know what it was that put it into 
my head to write upon the wall with it.  Perhaps it was some 
mischievous idea of setting the police upon a wrong track, 
for I felt light-hearted and cheerful.  I remembered a German 
being found in New York with RACHE written up above him, and 
it was argued at the time in the newspapers that the secret 
societies must have done it.  I guessed that what puzzled the 
New Yorkers would puzzle the Londoners, so I dipped my finger 
in my own blood and printed it on a convenient place on the 
wall.  Then I walked down to my cab and found that there was 
nobody about, and that the night was still very wild.  I had 
driven some distance when I put my hand into the pocket in 
which I usually kept Lucy's ring, and found that it was not 
there.  I was thunderstruck at this, for it was the only 
memento that I had of her.  Thinking that I might have 
dropped it when I stooped over Drebber's body, I drove back, 
and leaving my cab in a side street, I went boldly up to the 
house -- for I was ready to dare anything rather than lose 
the ring.  When I arrived there, I walked right into the arms 
of a police-officer who was coming out, and only managed to 
disarm his suspicions by pretending to be hopelessly drunk.

"That was how Enoch Drebber came to his end.  All I had to do 
then was to do as much for Stangerson, and so pay off John 
Ferrier's debt.  I knew that he was staying at Halliday's 
Private Hotel, and I hung about all day, but he never came 
out.  {26} fancy that he suspected something when Drebber 
failed to put in an appearance.  He was cunning, was 
Stangerson, and always on his guard.  If he thought he could 
keep me off by staying indoors he was very much mistaken.  
I soon found out which was the window of his bedroom, and early 
next morning I took advantage of some ladders which were 
lying in the lane behind the hotel, and so made my way into 
his room in the grey of the dawn.  I woke him up and told him 
that the hour had come when he was to answer for the life he 
had taken so long before.  I described Drebber's death to 
him, and I gave him the same choice of the poisoned pills.  
Instead of grasping at the chance of safety which that 
offered him, he sprang from his bed and flew at my throat.  
In self-defence I stabbed him to the heart.  It would have 
been the same in any case, for Providence would never have 
allowed his guilty hand to pick out anything but the poison.

"I have little more to say, and it's as well, for I am about 
done up.  I went on cabbing it for a day or so, intending to 
keep at it until I could save enough to take me back to 
America.  I was standing in the yard when a ragged youngster 
asked if there was a cabby there called Jefferson Hope, and 
said that his cab was wanted by a gentleman at 221B, Baker 
Street.  I went round, suspecting no harm, and the next thing 
I knew, this young man here had the bracelets on my wrists, 
and as neatly snackled {27} as ever I saw in my life.  That's 
the whole of my story, gentlemen.  You may consider me to be 
a murderer; but I hold that I am just as much an officer of 
justice as you are."

So thrilling had the man's narrative been, and his manner was 
so impressive that we had sat silent and absorbed.  Even the 
professional detectives, _blase_ {28} as they were in every detail 
of crime, appeared to be keenly interested in the man's story.  
When he finished we sat for some minutes in a stillness which 
was only broken by the scratching of Lestrade's pencil as he 
gave the finishing touches to his shorthand account.

"There is only one point on which I should like a little more 
information," Sherlock Holmes said at last.  "Who was your 
accomplice who came for the ring which I advertised?"

The prisoner winked at my friend jocosely.  "I can tell my own 
secrets," he said, "but I don't get other people into trouble.  
I saw your advertisement, and I thought it might be a plant, 
or it might be the ring which I wanted.  My friend volunteered 
to go and see.  I think you'll own he did it smartly."

"Not a doubt of that," said Holmes heartily.

"Now, gentlemen," the Inspector remarked gravely, "the forms 
of the law must be complied with.  On Thursday the prisoner 
will be brought before the magistrates, and your attendance 
will be required.  Until then I will be responsible for him."  
He rang the bell as he spoke, and Jefferson Hope was led off 
by a couple of warders, while my friend and I made our way 
out of the Station and took a cab back to Baker Street.



CHAPTER VII.

THE CONCLUSION.


WE had all been warned to appear before the magistrates 
upon the Thursday; but when the Thursday came there was no 
occasion for our testimony.  A higher Judge had taken the 
matter in hand, and Jefferson Hope had been summoned before 
a tribunal where strict justice would be meted out to him.  
On the very night after his capture the aneurism burst, 
and he was found in the morning stretched upon the floor 
of the cell, with a placid smile upon his face, as though 
he had been able in his dying moments to look back upon 
a useful life, and on work well done.

"Gregson and Lestrade will be wild about his death," 
Holmes remarked, as we chatted it over next evening.  
"Where will their grand advertisement be now?"

"I don't see that they had very much to do with his capture," 
I answered.

"What you do in this world is a matter of no consequence," 
returned my companion, bitterly.  "The question is, what can 
you make people believe that you have done.  Never mind," 
he continued, more brightly, after a pause.  "I would not have 
missed the investigation for anything.  There has been no 
better case within my recollection.  Simple as it was, there 
were several most instructive points about it."

"Simple!" I ejaculated.

"Well, really, it can hardly be described as otherwise," said 
Sherlock Holmes, smiling at my surprise.  "The proof of its 
intrinsic simplicity is, that without any help save a few 
very ordinary deductions I was able to lay my hand upon the 
criminal within three days."

"That is true," said I.

"I have already explained to you that what is out of the 
common is usually a guide rather than a hindrance.  
In solving a problem of this sort, the grand thing is to be able 
to reason backwards.  That is a very useful accomplishment, 
and a very easy one, but people do not practise it much.  
In the every-day affairs of life it is more useful to 
reason forwards, and so the other comes to be neglected.  
There are fifty who can reason synthetically for one who can 
reason analytically."

"I confess," said I, "that I do not quite follow you."

"I hardly expected that you would.  Let me see if I can make 
it clearer.  Most people, if you describe a train of events 
to them, will tell you what the result would be.  They can 
put those events together in their minds, and argue from them 
that something will come to pass.  There are few people, 
however, who, if you told them a result, would be able to 
evolve from their own inner consciousness what the steps were 
which led up to that result.  This power is what I mean when 
I talk of reasoning backwards, or analytically."

"I understand," said I.

"Now this was a case in which you were given the result and 
had to find everything else for yourself.  Now let me 
endeavour to show you the different steps in my reasoning.  
To begin at the beginning.  I approached the house, as you 
know, on foot, and with my mind entirely free from all 
impressions.  I naturally began by examining the roadway, and 
there, as I have already explained to you, I saw clearly the 
marks of a cab, which, I ascertained by inquiry, must have 
been there during the night.  I satisfied myself that it was 
a cab and not a private carriage by the narrow gauge of the 
wheels.  The ordinary London growler is considerably less 
wide than a gentleman's brougham.

"This was the first point gained.  I then walked slowly down 
the garden path, which happened to be composed of a clay 
soil, peculiarly suitable for taking impressions.  No doubt 
it appeared to you to be a mere trampled line of slush, but 
to my trained eyes every mark upon its surface had a meaning.  
There is no branch of detective science which is so important 
and so much neglected as the art of tracing footsteps.  
Happily, I have always laid great stress upon it, and much 
practice has made it second nature to me.  I saw the heavy 
footmarks of the constables, but I saw also the track of the 
two men who had first passed through the garden.  It was easy 
to tell that they had been before the others, because in 
places their marks had been entirely obliterated by the 
others coming upon the top of them.  In this way my second 
link was formed, which told me that the nocturnal visitors 
were two in number, one remarkable for his height (as I 
calculated from the length of his stride), and the other 
fashionably dressed, to judge from the small and elegant 
impression left by his boots.

"On entering the house this last inference was confirmed.  
My well-booted man lay before me.  The tall one, then, had done 
the murder, if murder there was.  There was no wound upon the 
dead man's person, but the agitated expression upon his face 
assured me that he had foreseen his fate before it came upon 
him.  Men who die from heart disease, or any sudden natural 
cause, never by any chance exhibit agitation upon their 
features.  Having sniffed the dead man's lips I detected a 
slightly sour smell, and I came to the conclusion that he had 
had poison forced upon him.  Again, I argued that it had been 
forced upon him from the hatred and fear expressed upon his 
face.  By the method of exclusion, I had arrived at this 
result, for no other hypothesis would meet the facts.  Do not 
imagine that it was a very unheard of idea.  The forcible 
administration of poison is by no means a new thing in 
criminal annals.  The cases of Dolsky in Odessa, and of 
Leturier in Montpellier, will occur at once to any toxicologist.

"And now came the great question as to the reason why.  
Robbery had not been the object of the murder, for nothing 
was taken.  Was it politics, then, or was it a woman?  That 
was the question which confronted me.  I was inclined from 
the first to the latter supposition.  Political assassins are 
only too glad to do their work and to fly.  This murder had, 
on the contrary, been done most deliberately, and the 
perpetrator had left his tracks all over the room, showing 
that he had been there all the time.  It must have been a 
private wrong, and not a political one, which called for such 
a methodical revenge.  When the inscription was discovered 
upon the wall I was more inclined than ever to my opinion.  
The thing was too evidently a blind.  When the ring was 
found, however, it settled the question.  Clearly the 
murderer had used it to remind his victim of some dead or 
absent woman.  It was at this point that I asked Gregson 
whether he had enquired in his telegram to Cleveland as 
to any particular point in Mr. Drebber's former career.  
He answered, you remember, in the negative.

"I then proceeded to make a careful examination of the room, 
which confirmed me in my opinion as to the murderer's height, 
and furnished me with the additional details as to the 
Trichinopoly cigar and the length of his nails.  I had 
already come to the conclusion, since there were no signs of 
a struggle, that the blood which covered the floor had burst 
from the murderer's nose in his excitement.  I could perceive 
that the track of blood coincided with the track of his feet.  
It is seldom that any man, unless he is very full-blooded, 
breaks out in this way through emotion, so I hazarded the opinion 
that the criminal was probably a robust and ruddy-faced man.  
Events proved that I had judged correctly.

"Having left the house, I proceeded to do what Gregson had 
neglected.  I telegraphed to the head of the police at Cleveland, 
limiting my enquiry to the circumstances connected with the 
marriage of Enoch Drebber.  The answer was conclusive.  
It told me that Drebber had already applied for the protection 
of the law against an old rival in love, named Jefferson Hope, 
and that this same Hope was at present in Europe.  
I knew now that I held the clue to the mystery in my hand, 
and all that remained was to secure the murderer.

"I had already determined in my own mind that the man who had 
walked into the house with Drebber, was none other than the 
man who had driven the cab.  The marks in the road showed me 
that the horse had wandered on in a way which would have been 
impossible had there been anyone in charge of it.  Where, 
then, could the driver be, unless he were inside the house?  
Again, it is absurd to suppose that any sane man would carry 
out a deliberate crime under the very eyes, as it were, of a 
third person, who was sure to betray him.  Lastly, supposing 
one man wished to dog another through London, what better 
means could he adopt than to turn cabdriver.  All these 
considerations led me to the irresistible conclusion that 
Jefferson Hope was to be found among the jarveys of the 
Metropolis.

"If he had been one there was no reason to believe that he 
had ceased to be.  On the contrary, from his point of view, 
any sudden chance would be likely to draw attention to 
himself.  He would, probably, for a time at least, continue 
to perform his duties.  There was no reason to suppose that 
he was going under an assumed name.  Why should he change his 
name in a country where no one knew his original one?  I 
therefore organized my Street Arab detective corps, and sent 
them systematically to every cab proprietor in London until 
they ferreted out the man that I wanted.  How well they 
succeeded, and how quickly I took advantage of it, are still 
fresh in your recollection.  The murder of Stangerson was an 
incident which was entirely unexpected, but which could 
hardly in any case have been prevented.  Through it, as you 
know, I came into possession of the pills, the existence of 
which I had already surmised.  You see the whole thing is a 
chain of logical sequences without a break or flaw."

"It is wonderful!" I cried.  "Your merits should be publicly 
recognized.  You should publish an account of the case.  
If you won't, I will for you."

"You may do what you like, Doctor," he answered.  "See here!" 
he continued, handing a paper over to me, "look at this!"

It was the _Echo_ for the day, and the paragraph to which he 
pointed was devoted to the case in question.

"The public," it said, "have lost a sensational treat through 
the sudden death of the man Hope, who was suspected of the 
murder of Mr. Enoch Drebber and of Mr. Joseph Stangerson.  
The details of the case will probably be never known now, 
though we are informed upon good authority that the crime was 
the result of an old standing and romantic feud, in which 
love and Mormonism bore a part.  It seems that both the 
victims belonged, in their younger days, to the Latter Day 
Saints, and Hope, the deceased prisoner, hails also from Salt 
Lake City.  If the case has had no other effect, it, at 
least, brings out in the most striking manner the efficiency 
of our detective police force, and will serve as a lesson to 
all foreigners that they will do wisely to settle their feuds 
at home, and not to carry them on to British soil.  It is an 
open secret that the credit of this smart capture belongs 
entirely to the well-known Scotland Yard officials, Messrs. 
Lestrade and Gregson.  The man was apprehended, it appears, 
in the rooms of a certain Mr. Sherlock Holmes, who has 
himself, as an amateur, shown some talent in the detective 
line, and who, with such instructors, may hope in time to 
attain to some degree of their skill.  It is expected that 
a testimonial of some sort will be presented to the two 
officers as a fitting recognition of their services."

"Didn't I tell you so when we started?" cried Sherlock Holmes 
with a laugh.  "That's the result of all our Study in Scarlet:  
to get them a testimonial!"

"Never mind," I answered, "I have all the facts in my journal, 
and the public shall know them.  In the meantime you must make 
yourself contented by the consciousness of success, 
like the Roman miser --

            "`Populus me sibilat, at mihi plaudo
       Ipse domi simul ac nummos contemplar in arca.'"


-------------
* Heber C. Kemball, in one of his sermons, alludes 
to his hundred wives under this endearing epithet.

-----------------------  End of Text  ---------------------------------

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----------------------------Textual notes------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
{1}    {Frontispiece, with the caption: "He examined with his glass
        the word upon the wall, going over every letter of it with
        the most minute exactness." (_Page_ 23.)}
{2}    {"JOHN H. WATSON, M.D.": the initial letters in the name are
        capitalized, the other letters in small caps.  All chapter
        titles are in small caps.  The initial words of chapters are
        in small caps with first letter capitalized.}
{3}    {"lodgings.": the period should be a comma, as in later editions.}
{4}    {"hoemoglobin": should be haemoglobin.  The o&e are concatenated.}
{5}    {"221B": the B is in small caps}
{6}    {"THE LAURISTON GARDEN MYSTERY": the table-of-contents lists
        this chapter as "...GARDENS MYSTERY" -- plural, and probably
        more correct.}
{7}    {"brought."": the text has an extra double-quote mark}
{8}    {"individual --": illustration this page, with the caption:
        "As he spoke, his nimble fingers were flying here, there,
        and everywhere."}
{9}    {"manoeuvres": the o&e are concatenated.}
{10}   {"Patent leathers": the hyphen is missing.}
{11}   {"condonment": should be condonement.}
{12}   {"Boheme": the first "e" has a backward accent (\) above it.}
{13}   {"wages.": ending quote is missing.}
{14}   {"the first.": ending quote is missing.}
{15}   {"make much of...": Other editions complete this sentence with
        an "it."  But there is a gap in the text at this point, and,
        given the context, it may have actually been an interjection,
        a dash.  The gap is just the right size for the characters
        "it." and the start of a new sentence, or for a "----"}
{16}   {"tho cushion": "tho" should be "the"}
{17}   {"_outre_": the e has a forward accent (/) above it.}
{18}   {"canons": the first n has a tilde above it, as do all other 
        occurrences of this word.}
{19}   {"shoving": later editions have "showing".  The original is
        clearly superior.}
{20}   {"stared about...": illustration, with the caption: "One of them
        seized the little girl, and hoisted her upon his shoulder."}
{21}   {"upon the": illustration, with the caption: "As he watched
        it he saw it writhe along the ground."}
{22}   {"FORMERLY...": F,S,L,C in caps, other letters in this line
        in small caps.}
{23}   {"ancles": ankles.}
{24}   {"asked,": should be "asked."}
{25}   {"poisions": should be "poisons"}
{26}   {"...fancy": should be "I fancy".  There is a gap in the text.}
{27}   {"snackled": "shackled" in later texts.}
{28}   {"_blase_": the e has a forward accent (/) above it.}
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